# EUROPA: A Legal Multilingual Keyphrase Generation Dataset

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00252 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.00252/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 38 of its 86 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 38)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.13461/) (2019)
- [Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.02116/) (2019)
- [Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.05150/) (2020)
- [mT5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11934/) (2020)
- [SciBERT: A Pretrained Language Model for Scientific Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.10676/) (2019)
- [Multilingual Denoising Pre-training for Neural Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.08210/) (2020)
- [Multilingual Translation with Extensible Multilingual Pretraining and Finetuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.00401/) (2020)
- [LongT5: Efficient Text-To-Text Transformer for Long Sequences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.07916/) (2021)
- [Mind the Gap: Assessing Temporal Generalization in Neural Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.01951/) (2021)
- [Neural Legal Judgment Prediction in English](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.02059/) (2019)
- [BIGPATENT: A Large-Scale Dataset for Abstractive and Coherent Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.03741/) (2019)
- [Deep Keyphrase Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.06879/) (2017)
- [MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.00904/) (2021)
- [We Need to Talk About Random Splits](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00636/) (2020)
- [LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13126/) (2023)
- [LeXFiles and LegalLAMA: Facilitating English Multinational Legal Language Model Development](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.07507/) (2023)
- [One Size Does Not Fit All: Generating and Evaluating Variable Number of Keyphrases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.05241/) (2018)
- [Keyphrase Generation with Correlation Constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.07185/) (2018)
- [KPTimes: A Large-Scale Dataset for Keyphrase Generation on News Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.12559/) (2019)
- [EUR-Lex-Sum: A Multi- and Cross-lingual Dataset for Long-form Summarization in the Legal Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13448/) (2022)
- [Learning Rich Representation of Keyphrases from Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.08547/) (2021)
- [An Empirical Study on Neural Keyphrase Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.10229/) (2020)
- [Select, Extract and Generate: Neural Keyphrase Generation with Layer-wise Coverage Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.01739/) (2020)
- [DivGraphPointer: A Graph Pointer Network for Extracting Diverse Keyphrases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.07689/) (2019)
- [LSG Attention: Extrapolation of pretrained Transformers to long sequences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.15497/) (2022)
- [It's about Time: Rethinking Evaluation on Rumor Detection Benchmarks using Chronological Splits](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.03147/) (2023)
- [From Statistical Methods to Deep Learning, Automatic Keyphrase Prediction: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.02579/) (2023)
- [Applying a Generic Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Simple and Effective Keyphrase Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.05302/) (2022)
- [LDKP: A Dataset for Identifying Keyphrases from Long Scientific Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.15349/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [LawInstruct: A Resource for Studying Language Model Adaptation to the Legal Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02127/) (2024)
- [Pre-Trained Language Models for Keyphrase Prediction: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.01087/) (2024)
- [Multilingual Target-Stance Extraction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.22334/) (2025)
- [Evaluating the Homogeneity of Keyphrase Prediction Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.12989/) (2026)
- [SlovKE: A Large-Scale Dataset and LLM Evaluation for Slovak Keyphrase Extraction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.15523/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Keyphrase generation has primarily been explored within the context of academic research articles, with a particular focus on scientific domains and the English language. In this work, we present EUROPA, a dataset for multilingual keyphrase generation in the legal domain. It is derived from legal judgments from the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU), and contains instances in all 24 EU official languages. We run multilingual models on our corpus and analyze the results, showing room for improvement on a domain-specific multilingual corpus such as the one we present.