# A New Approach to Voice Authenticity

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06304 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.06304/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 21 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11477/) (2020)
- [FakeAVCeleb: A Novel Audio-Video Multimodal Deepfake Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05080/) (2021)
- [AASIST: Audio Anti-Spoofing using Integrated Spectro-Temporal Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.01200/) (2021)
- [ASVspoof 2019: Future Horizons in Spoofed and Fake Audio Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.05441/) (2019)
- [End-to-end anti-spoofing with RawNet2](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.01108/) (2020)
- [ASVspoof 2021: accelerating progress in spoofed and deepfake speech detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.00537/) (2021)
- [Does Audio Deepfake Detection Generalize?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16263/) (2022)
- [Automatic speaker verification spoofing and deepfake detection using wav2vec 2.0 and data augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.12233/) (2022)
- [ADD 2022: the First Audio Deep Synthesis Detection Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.08433/) (2022)
- [FreeVC: Towards High-Quality Text-Free One-Shot Voice Conversion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.15418/) (2022)
- [ADD 2023: the Second Audio Deepfake Detection Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13774/) (2023)
- [A Comparative Study on Recent Neural Spoofing Countermeasures for Synthetic Speech Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.11326/) (2021)
- [MLAAD: The Multi-Language Audio Anti-Spoofing Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09512/) (2024)
- [The PartialSpoof Database and Countermeasures for the Detection of Short Fake Speech Segments Embedded in an Utterance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.05177/) (2022)
- [Half-Truth: A Partially Fake Audio Detection Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03617/) (2021)
- [Improved DeepFake Detection Using Whisper Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.01428/) (2023)
- [Parrotron: An End-to-End Speech-to-Speech Conversion Model and its Applications to Hearing-Impaired Speech and Speech Separation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.04169/) (2019)
- [Raw Differentiable Architecture Search for Speech Deepfake and Spoofing Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.12212/) (2021)
- [SingFake: Singing Voice Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.07525/) (2023)
- [Phoneme Hallucinator: One-shot Voice Conversion via Set Expansion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06382/) (2023)
- [Complex-valued neural networks for voice anti-spoofing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.11800/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Voice faking, driven primarily by recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis technology, poses significant societal challenges. Currently, the prevailing assumption is that unaltered human speech can be considered genuine, while fake speech comes from TTS synthesis. We argue that this binary distinction is oversimplified. For instance, altered playback speeds can be used for malicious purposes, like in the 'Drunken Nancy Pelosi' incident. Similarly, editing of audio clips can be done ethically, e.g., for brevity or summarization in news reporting or podcasts, but editing can also create misleading narratives. In this paper, we propose a conceptual shift away from the binary paradigm of audio being either 'fake' or 'real'. Instead, our focus is on pinpointing 'voice edits', which encompass traditional modifications like filters and cuts, as well as TTS synthesis and VC systems. We delineate 6 categories and curate a new challenge dataset rooted in the M-AILABS corpus, for which we present baseline detection systems. And most importantly, we argue that merely categorizing audio as fake or real is a dangerous over-simplification that will fail to move the field of speech technology forward.