# A Review on Digital Pixel Sensors

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.04507 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.04507/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 53 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Feb 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Event-based Moving Object Detection and Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.04523/) (2018)
- [P2M: A Processing-in-Pixel-in-Memory Paradigm for Resource-Constrained TinyML Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.04737/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [In-Pixel Foreground and Contrast Enhancement Circuits with Customizable Mapping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.18052/) (2024)
- [Lightweight True In-Pixel Encryption with FeFET Enabled Pixel Design for Secure Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.05147/) (2026)
- [STEMPix: A Phase-Transition-Material-Based Pixel Sensor for Resolving Edge-Movement Direction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.04435/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Digital pixel sensor (DPS) has evolved as a pivotal component in modern imaging systems and has the potential to revolutionize various fields such as medical imaging, astronomy, surveillance, IoT devices, etc. Compared to analog pixel sensors, the DPS offers high speed and good image quality. However, the introduced intrinsic complexity within each pixel, primarily attributed to the accommodation of the ADC circuit, engenders a substantial increase in the pixel pitch. Unfortunately, such a pronounced escalation in pixel pitch drastically undermines the feasibility of achieving high-density integration, which is an obstacle that significantly narrows down the field of potential applications. Nonetheless, designing compact conversion circuits along with strategic integration of 3D architectural paradigms can be a potential remedy to the prevailing situation. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the vast area of DPS technology. The operating principles, advantages, and challenges of different types of DPS circuits have been analyzed. We categorize the schemes into several categories based on ADC operation. A comparative study based on different performance metrics has also been showcased for a well-rounded understanding.