# Machine Learning Resistant Amorphous Silicon Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs)

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.02846 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.02846/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Feb 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.02754/) (2016)
- [Optuna: A Next-generation Hyperparameter Optimization Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.10902/) (2019)
- [DiffuserCam: Lensless Single-exposure 3D Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.02134/) (2017)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We investigate usage of nonlinear wave chaotic amorphous silicon (a-Si) cavities as physically unclonable functions (PUF). Machine learning attacks on integrated electronic PUFs have been demonstrated to be very effective at modeling PUF behavior. Such attacks on integrated a-Si photonic PUFs are investigated through application of algorithms including linear regression, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree ensembles (random forests and gradient boosted trees), and deep neural networks (DNNs). We found that DNNs performed the best among all the algorithms studied but still failed to completely break the a-Si PUF security which we quantify through a private information metric. Furthermore, machine learning resistance of a-Si PUFs were found to be directly related to the strength of their nonlinear response.