# On the Psychology of GPT-4: Moderately anxious, slightly masculine, honest, and humble

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.01777 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.01777/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 2 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Feb 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Challenging the Validity of Personality Tests for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.05297/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Self-assessment, Exhibition, and Recognition: a Review of Personality in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.17624/) (2024)
- [Education in the Era of Neurosymbolic AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.12763/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We subject GPT-4 to a number of rigorous psychometric tests and analyze the results. We find that, compared to the average human, GPT-4 tends to show more honesty and humility, and less machiavellianism and narcissism. It sometimes exhibits ambivalent sexism, leans slightly toward masculinity, is moderately anxious but mostly not depressive (but not always). It shows human-average numerical literacy and has cognitive reflection abilities that are above human average for verbal tasks.