# Charting the Future of AI in Project-Based Learning: A Co-Design Exploration with Students

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.14915 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.14915/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 21 of its 104 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.11903/) (2022)
- [BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17564/) (2023)
- [How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.07597/) (2023)
- [A Comprehensive Survey on Pretrained Foundation Models: A History from BERT to ChatGPT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.09419/) (2023)
- [AI Chains: Transparent and Controllable Human-AI Interaction by Chaining Large Language Model Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.01691/) (2021)
- [Studying the effect of AI Code Generators on Supporting Novice Learners in Introductory Programming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.07427/) (2023)
- [Human-AI Collaboration in Data Science: Exploring Data Scientists' Perceptions of Automated AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.02309/) (2019)
- [Human-AI Collaboration via Conditional Delegation: A Case Study of Content Moderation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.11788/) (2022)
- [Who Should I Trust: AI or Myself? Leveraging Human and AI Correctness Likelihood to Promote Appropriate Trust in AI-Assisted Decision-Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.05809/) (2023)
- [IntentVizor: Towards Generic Query Guided Interactive Video Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.14834/) (2021)
- [`It is currently hodgepodge'': Examining AI/ML Practitioners' Challenges during Co-production of Responsible AI Values](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.10221/) (2023)
- [Assigning AI: Seven Approaches for Students, with Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.10052/) (2023)
- [Telling Stories from Computational Notebooks: AI-Assisted Presentation Slides Creation for Presenting Data Science Work](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11085/) (2022)
- [What is in a Text-to-Image Prompt: The Potential of Stable Diffusion in Visual Arts Education](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.01902/) (2023)
- [Storyfier: Exploring Vocabulary Learning Support with Text Generation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03864/) (2023)
- [Competent but Rigid: Identifying the Gap in Empowering AI to Participate Equally in Group Decision-Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.08807/) (2023)
- [ConceptEVA: Concept-Based Interactive Exploration and Customization of Document Summaries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17826/) (2023)
- [Challenges and Opportunities in Data Visualization Education: A Call to Action](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.07703/) (2023)
- [Characterizing Student Engagement Moods for Dropout Prediction in Question Pool Websites](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.00423/) (2021)
- [Calliope-Net: Automatic Generation of Graph Data Facts via Annotated Node-link Diagrams](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06441/) (2023)
- [Spinneret: Aiding Creative Ideation through Non-Obvious Concept Associations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.02746/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [DiscipLink: Unfolding Interdisciplinary Information Seeking Process via Human-AI Co-Exploration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.00447/) (2024)
- [Co-designing Large Language Model Tools for Project-Based Learning with K12 Educators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.09799/) (2025)
- [Integrating HCI Datasets in Project-Based Machine Learning Courses: A College-Level Review and Case Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.03472/) (2024)
- [LitLinker: Supporting the Ideation of Interdisciplinary Contexts with Large Language Models for Teaching Literature in Elementary Schools](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.16097/) (2025)
- [Speeding up design and making to reduce time-to-project and time-to-market: an AI-Enhanced approach in engineering education](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.16307/) (2025)
- [Tracing the Invisible: Understanding Students' Judgment in AI-Supported Design Work](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.08939/) (2025)
- [Designing Safe and Accountable GenAI as a Learning Companion with Women Banned from Formal Education](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.07253/) (2026)
- [MAIC-UI: Making Interactive Courseware with Generative UI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.25806/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by students in learning presents new challenges for assessing their learning outcomes in project-based learning (PBL). This paper introduces a co-design study to explore the potential of students' AI usage data as a novel material for PBL assessment. We conducted workshops with 18 college students, encouraging them to speculate an alternative world where they could freely employ AI in PBL while needing to report this process to assess their skills and contributions. Our workshops yielded various scenarios of students' use of AI in PBL and ways of analyzing these uses grounded by students' vision of education goal transformation. We also found students with different attitudes toward AI exhibited distinct preferences in how to analyze and understand the use of AI. Based on these findings, we discuss future research opportunities on student-AI interactions and understanding AI-enhanced learning.