# Diverse and Lifespan Facial Age Transformation Synthesis with Identity Variation Rationality Metric

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.14036 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.14036/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 40 of its 75 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Jan 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 40)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.04948/) (2018)
- [Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10196/) (2017)
- [Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.08155/) (2016)
- [FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.07871/) (2017)
- [Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.12423/) (2021)
- [StarGAN v2: Diverse Image Synthesis for Multiple Domains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01865/) (2019)
- [Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.00951/) (2020)
- [Age Progression/Regression by Conditional Adversarial Autoencoder](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.08423/) (2017)
- [InterFaceGAN: Interpreting the Disentangled Face Representation Learned by GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.09635/) (2020)
- [AttGAN: Facial Attribute Editing by Only Changing What You Want](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.10678/) (2017)
- [MAT: Mask-Aware Transformer for Large Hole Image Inpainting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.15270/) (2022)
- [HyperStyle: StyleGAN Inversion with HyperNetworks for Real Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.15666/) (2021)
- [Only a Matter of Style: Age Transformation Using a Style-Based Regression Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02754/) (2021)
- [A Latent Transformer for Disentangled Face Editing in Images and Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.11895/) (2021)
- [Lifespan Age Transformation Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.09764/) (2020)
- [Face Aging With Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.01983/) (2017)
- [DivCo: Diverse Conditional Image Synthesis via Contrastive Generative Adversarial Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.07893/) (2021)
- [TransEditor: Transformer-Based Dual-Space GAN for Highly Controllable Facial Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.17266/) (2022)
- [Attribute-aware Face Aging with Wavelet-based Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.06647/) (2018)
- [Learning Face Age Progression: A Pyramid Architecture of GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.10352/) (2017)
- [Face Aging via Diffusion-based Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.11321/) (2023)
- [High Resolution Face Age Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.04410/) (2020)
- [High Resolution Face Editing with Masked GAN Latent Code Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.11135/) (2021)
- [Custom Structure Preservation in Face Aging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.11025/) (2022)
- [Pluralistic Aging Diffusion Autoencoder](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11086/) (2023)
- [HairCLIPv2: Unifying Hair Editing via Proxy Feature Blending](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.10651/) (2023)
- [GAN-based Facial Attribute Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.12683/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [MyTimeMachine: Personalized Facial Age Transformation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.14521/) (2024)
- [AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.05715/) (2025)
- [DiverAge: Reliable Pluralistic Face Aging with Cross-Age Identity Relation Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.04881/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Face aging has received continuous research attention over the past two decades. Although previous works on this topic have achieved impressive success, two longstanding problems remain unsettled: 1) generating diverse and plausible facial aging patterns at the target age stage; 2) measuring the rationality of identity variation between the original portrait and its syntheses with age progression or regression. In this paper, we introduce rmDLAT^boldsymbol+ to realize Diverse and Lifespan Age Transformation on human faces, where the diversity jointly manifests in the transformation of facial textures and shapes. Apart from the diversity mechanism embedded in the model, multiple consistency restrictions are leveraged to keep it away from counterfactual aging syntheses. Moreover, we propose a new metric to assess the rationality of Identity Deviation under Age Gaps (IDAG) between the input face and its series of age-transformed generations, which is based on statistical laws summarized from plenty of genuine face-aging data. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the uniqueness and effectiveness of our method in synthesizing diverse and perceptually reasonable faces across the whole lifetime.