# Unified-Width Adaptive Dynamic Network for All-In-One Image Restoration

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13221 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.13221/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 23 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 23 of 23)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.10257/) (2021)
- [Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.03981/) (2016)
- [Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.00364/) (2020)
- [Multi-Stage Progressive Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02808/) (2021)
- [Simple Baselines for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04676/) (2022)
- [FFDNet: Toward a Fast and Flexible Solution for CNN based Image Denoising](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.04026/) (2017)
- [Benchmarking Single Image Dehazing and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.04143/) (2017)
- [Learning Deep CNN Denoiser Prior for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.03264/) (2017)
- [DehazeNet: An End-to-End System for Single Image Haze Removal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1601.07661/) (2016)
- [Slimmable Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08928/) (2018)
- [Multi-Scale Progressive Fusion Network for Single Image Deraining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.10985/) (2020)
- [Density-aware Single Image De-raining using a Multi-stream Dense Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.07412/) (2018)
- [Uncertainty Guided Multi-Scale Residual Learning-using a Cycle Spinning CNN for Single Image De-Raining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.11129/) (2019)
- [ClassSR: A General Framework to Accelerate Super-Resolution Networks by Data Characteristic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.04039/) (2021)
- [FD-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks with Fusion-discriminator for Single Image Dehazing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.06968/) (2020)
- [A General Decoupled Learning Framework for Parameterized Image Operators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.05852/) (2019)
- [Lightweight Pyramid Networks for Image Deraining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.06173/) (2018)
- [Path-Restore: Learning Network Path Selection for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.10343/) (2019)
- [ARM: Any-Time Super-Resolution Method](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10812/) (2022)
- [LIRA: Lifelong Image Restoration from Unknown Blended Distortions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.08242/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [AdaIR: Adaptive All-in-One Image Restoration via Frequency Mining and Modulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14614/) (2024)
- [A Survey on All-in-One Image Restoration: Taxonomy, Evaluation and Future Trends](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.15067/) (2024)
- [UniRestorer: Universal Image Restoration via Adaptively Estimating Image Degradation at Proper Granularity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.20157/) (2024)
- [Learning Where and What to Restore for Composite Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.17915/) (2025)
- [Referring Flexible Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.10342/) (2024)
- [PVRF: All-in-one Adverse Weather Removal via Prior-modulated and Velocity-constrained Rectified Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.14045/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In contrast to traditional image restoration methods, all-in-one image restoration techniques are gaining increased attention for their ability to restore images affected by diverse and unknown corruption types and levels. However, contemporary all-in-one image restoration methods omit task-wise difficulties and employ the same networks to reconstruct images afflicted by diverse degradations. This practice leads to an underestimation of the task correlations and suboptimal allocation of computational resources. To elucidate task-wise complexities, we introduce a novel concept positing that intricate image degradation can be represented in terms of elementary degradation. Building upon this foundation, we propose an innovative approach, termed the Unified-Width Adaptive Dynamic Network (U-WADN), consisting of two pivotal components: a Width Adaptive Backbone (WAB) and a Width Selector (WS). The WAB incorporates several nested sub-networks with varying widths, which facilitates the selection of the most apt computations tailored to each task, thereby striking a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency during runtime. For different inputs, the WS automatically selects the most appropriate sub-network width, taking into account both task-specific and sample-specific complexities. Extensive experiments across a variety of image restoration tasks demonstrate that the proposed U-WADN achieves better performance while simultaneously reducing up to 32.3% of FLOPs and providing approximately 15.7% real-time acceleration. The code has been made available at urlhttps://github.com/xuyimin0926/U-WADN.