# Evaluating and Enhancing Large Language Models Performance in Domain-specific Medicine: Osteoarthritis Management with DocOA

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12998 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.12998/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 2 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 20 Jan 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [A Study of Generative Large Language Model for Medical Research and Healthcare](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13523/) (2023)
- [Medical Exam Question Answering with Large-scale Reading Comprehension](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.10279/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Language and Multimodal Models in Sports: A Survey of Datasets and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.12252/) (2024)
- [Evaluating Large Language Models for Public Health Classification and Extraction Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14766/) (2024)
- [OnRL-RAG: Real-Time Personalized Mental Health Dialogue System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.02894/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in domain-specific medicine, particularly for managing complex diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), remains largely unexplored. This study focused on evaluating and enhancing the clinical capabilities of LLMs in specific domains, using osteoarthritis (OA) management as a case study. A domain specific benchmark framework was developed, which evaluate LLMs across a spectrum from domain-specific knowledge to clinical applications in real-world clinical scenarios. DocOA, a specialized LLM tailored for OA management that integrates retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and instruction prompts, was developed. The study compared the performance of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and a specialized assistant, DocOA, using objective and human evaluations. Results showed that general LLMs like GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were less effective in the specialized domain of OA management, particularly in providing personalized treatment recommendations. However, DocOA showed significant improvements. This study introduces a novel benchmark framework which assesses the domain-specific abilities of LLMs in multiple aspects, highlights the limitations of generalized LLMs in clinical contexts, and demonstrates the potential of tailored approaches for developing domain-specific medical LLMs.