# Antonym vs Synonym Distinction using InterlaCed Encoder NETworks (ICE-NET)

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.10045 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10045/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 13 of its 29 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 18 Jan 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06103/) (2017)
- [Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6575/) (2014)
- [Learning Word Vectors for 157 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.06893/) (2018)
- [word2vec Explained: deriving Mikolov et al.'s negative-sampling word-embedding method](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1402.3722/) (2014)
- [Improving Hypernymy Detection with an Integrated Path-based and Distributional Method](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.06076/) (2016)
- [Distinguishing Antonyms and Synonyms in a Pattern-based Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.02962/) (2017)
- [Integrating Distributional Lexical Contrast into Word Embeddings for Antonym-Synonym Distinction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.07766/) (2016)
- [Fine-Grained Named Entity Typing over Distantly Supervised Data Based on Refined Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.03554/) (2020)
- [Antonym-Synonym Classification Based on New Sub-space Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.05612/) (2019)
- [GRI: Graph-based Relative Isomorphism of Word Embedding Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.12360/) (2023)
- [GARI: Graph Attention for Relative Isomorphism of Arabic Word Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.13068/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Bhav-Net: Knowledge Transfer for Cross-Lingual Antonym vs Synonym Distinction via Dual-Space Graph Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.15792/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Antonyms vs synonyms distinction is a core challenge in lexico-semantic analysis and automated lexical resource construction. These pairs share a similar distributional context which makes it harder to distinguish them. Leading research in this regard attempts to capture the properties of the relation pairs, i.e., symmetry, transitivity, and trans-transitivity. However, the inability of existing research to appropriately model the relation-specific properties limits their end performance. In this paper, we propose InterlaCed Encoder NETworks (i.e., ICE-NET) for antonym vs synonym distinction, that aim to capture and model the relation-specific properties of the antonyms and synonyms pairs in order to perform the classification task in a performance-enhanced manner. Experimental evaluation using the benchmark datasets shows that ICE-NET outperforms the existing research by a relative score of upto 1.8% in F1-measure. We release the codes for ICE-NET at https://github.com/asif6827/ICENET.