# Resolving Regular Polysemy in Named Entities

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.09758 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09758/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 10 of its 64 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 18 Jan 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1310.4546/) (2013)
- [Deep contextualized word representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.05365/) (2018)
- [Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.04606/) (2016)
- [Analysing Lexical Semantic Change with Contextualised Word Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.14118/) (2020)
- [GlossBERT: BERT for Word Sense Disambiguation with Gloss Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07245/) (2019)
- [SenseBERT: Driving Some Sense into BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.05646/) (2019)
- [Moving Down the Long Tail of Word Sense Disambiguation with Gloss-Informed Biencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.02590/) (2020)
- [Language Modelling Makes Sense: Propagating Representations through WordNet for Full-Coverage Word Sense Disambiguation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.10007/) (2019)
- [Symbolic, Distributed and Distributional Representations for Natural Language Processing in the Era of Deep Learning: a Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.00764/) (2017)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [The realization of tones in spontaneous spoken Taiwan Mandarin: a corpus-based survey and theory-driven computational modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.23163/) (2025)
- [A new kid on the block: Distributional semantics predicts the word-specific tone signatures of monosyllabic words in conversational Taiwan Mandarin](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.17337/) (2025)
- [Form and meaning co-determine the realization of tone in Taiwan Mandarin spontaneous speech: the case of T2-T3 and T3-T3 tone sandhi](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.15747/) (2024)
- [A corpus-based investigation of pitch contours of monosyllabic words in conversational Taiwan Mandarin](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.07891/) (2024)
- [Word meaning co-determines vowel-inherent spectral change. A corpus-based investigation of conversational Mandarin](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.21391/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Word sense disambiguation primarily addresses the lexical ambiguity of common words based on a predefined sense inventory. Conversely, proper names are usually considered to denote an ad-hoc real-world referent. Once the reference is decided, the ambiguity is purportedly resolved. However, proper names also exhibit ambiguities through appellativization, i.e., they act like common words and may denote different aspects of their referents. We proposed to address the ambiguities of proper names through the light of regular polysemy, which we formalized as dot objects. This paper introduces a combined word sense disambiguation (WSD) model for disambiguating common words against Chinese Wordnet (CWN) and proper names as dot objects. The model leverages the flexibility of a gloss-based model architecture, which takes advantage of the glosses and example sentences of CWN. We show that the model achieves competitive results on both common and proper nouns, even on a relatively sparse sense dataset. Aside from being a performant WSD tool, the model further facilitates the future development of the lexical resource.