# Cooperative Tri-Point Model-Based Ground-to-Air Coverage Extension in Beyond 5G Networks

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.09757 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09757/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 23 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 18 Jan 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Online Antenna Tuning in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.06787/) (2019)
- [3D Aerial Highway: The Key Enabler of the Retail Industry Transformation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.09477/) (2020)
- [Mobility in the Sky: Performance and Mobility Analysis for Cellular-Connected UAVs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07774/) (2019)
- [Network-Connected UAV: 3D System Modeling and Coverage Performance Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.07887/) (2019)
- [Coexistence of Terrestrial and Aerial Users in Cellular Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.03103/) (2017)
- [Base Station Antenna Uptilt Optimization for Cellular-Connected Drone Corridors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.00802/) (2021)
- [Access Points in the Air: Modeling and Optimization of Fixed-Wing UAV Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.03879/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The utilization of existing terrestrial infrastructures to provide coverage for aerial users is a potentially low-cost solution. However, the already deployed terrestrial base stations (TBSs) result in weak ground-to-air (G2A) coverage due to the down-tilted antennas. Furthermore, achieving optimal coverage across the entire airspace through antenna adjustment is challenging due to the complex signal coverage requirements in three-dimensional space, especially in the vertical direction. In this paper, we propose a cooperative tri-point (CoTP) model-based method that utilizes cooperative beams to enhance the G2A coverage extension. To utilize existing TBSs for establishing effective cooperation, we prove that the cooperation among three TBSs can ensure G2A coverage with a minimum coverage overlap, and design the CoTP model to analyze the G2A coverage extension. Using the model, a cooperative coverage structure based on Delaunay triangulation is designed to divide triangular prism-shaped subspaces and corresponding TBS cooperation sets. To enable TBSs in the cooperation set to cover different height subspaces while maintaining ground coverage, we design a cooperative beam generation algorithm to maximize the coverage in the triangular prism-shaped airspace. The simulation results and field trials demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently enhance the G2A coverage extension while guaranteeing ground coverage.