# KeDuSR: Real-World Dual-Lens Super-Resolution via Kernel-Free Matching

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.17050 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.17050/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 28 of its 38 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Dec 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 28 of 28)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01703/) (2019)
- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.03983/) (2016)
- [SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.10257/) (2021)
- [Deformable Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06211/) (2017)
- [Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Residual Channel Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.02758/) (2018)
- [ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.00219/) (2018)
- [Deformable ConvNets v2: More Deformable, Better Results](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.11168/) (2018)
- [Designing a Practical Degradation Model for Deep Blind Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14006/) (2021)
- [Deep Laplacian Pyramid Networks for Fast and Accurate Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.03915/) (2017)
- [Optical Flow Estimation using a Spatial Pyramid Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.00850/) (2016)
- [Learning Texture Transformer Network for Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04139/) (2020)
- [BasicVSR++: Improving Video Super-Resolution with Enhanced Propagation and Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13371/) (2021)
- [Component Divide-and-Conquer for Real-World Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.01928/) (2020)
- [The relativistic discriminator: a key element missing from standard GAN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.00734/) (2018)
- [Image Super-Resolution by Neural Texture Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.00834/) (2019)
- [Zoom To Learn, Learn To Zoom](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.05169/) (2019)
- [CrossNet: An End-to-end Reference-based Super Resolution Network using Cross-scale Warping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.10547/) (2018)
- [MASA-SR: Matching Acceleration and Spatial Adaptation for Reference-Based Image Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.02299/) (2021)
- [Robust Reference-based Super-Resolution via C2-Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01863/) (2021)
- [Camera Lens Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.03378/) (2019)
- [Reference-based Image Super-Resolution with Deformable Attention Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.11938/) (2022)
- [Dual-Camera Super-Resolution with Aligned Attention Modules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.01349/) (2021)
- [Self-Supervised Learning for Real-World Super-Resolution from Dual Zoomed Observations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.01325/) (2022)
- [Reference-based Video Super-Resolution Using Multi-Camera Video Triplets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.14537/) (2022)
- [Real-RawVSR: Real-World Raw Video Super-Resolution with a Benchmark Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.12475/) (2022)
- [RRSR:Reciprocal Reference-based Image Super-Resolution with Progressive Feature Alignment and Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.04203/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Consistent Diffusion: Denoising Diffusion Model with Data-Consistent Training for Image Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.12550/) (2024)
- [DM3Net: Dual-Camera Super-Resolution via Domain Modulation and Multi-scale Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.06993/) (2025)
- [A Benchmark for Heterogeneous Stereo Deblurring with Physically- and Epipolar-constrained Cross Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.25962/) (2026)
- [DuSRFlow: Dual-Lens Super-Resolution via Parallax-Aware Flow Estimation and Complementary Reference Warping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.14630/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Dual-lens super-resolution (SR) is a practical scenario for reference (Ref) based SR by utilizing the telephoto image (Ref) to assist the super-resolution of the low-resolution wide-angle image (LR input). Different from general RefSR, the Ref in dual-lens SR only covers the overlapped field of view (FoV) area. However, current dual-lens SR methods rarely utilize these specific characteristics and directly perform dense matching between the LR input and Ref. Due to the resolution gap between LR and Ref, the matching may miss the best-matched candidate and destroy the consistent structures in the overlapped FoV area. Different from them, we propose to first align the Ref with the center region (namely the overlapped FoV area) of the LR input by combining global warping and local warping to make the aligned Ref be sharp and consistent. Then, we formulate the aligned Ref and LR center as value-key pairs, and the corner region of the LR is formulated as queries. In this way, we propose a kernel-free matching strategy by matching between the LR-corner (query) and LR-center (key) regions, and the corresponding aligned Ref (value) can be warped to the corner region of the target. Our kernel-free matching strategy avoids the resolution gap between LR and Ref, which makes our network have better generalization ability. In addition, we construct a DuSR-Real dataset with (LR, Ref, HR) triples, where the LR and HR are well aligned. Experiments on three datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the second-best method by a large margin. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/ZifanCui/KeDuSR.