# Beyond the Surface: Advanced Wash Trading Detection in Decentralized NFT Markets

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.16603 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.16603/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 27 Dec 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Early Rug Pull Warning for BSC Meme Tokens via Multi-Granularity Wash-Trading Pattern Profiling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.13830/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Wash trading in decentralized markets remains a significant concern magnified by the pseudonymous and public nature of blockchains. In this paper we introduce an innovative methodology designed to detect wash trading activities beyond surface-level transactions. Our approach integrates NFT ownership traces with the Ethereum Transaction Network, encompassing the complete historical record of all Ethereum account normal transactions. By analyzing both networks, our method offers a notable advancement over techniques proposed by existing research. We analyzed the wash trading activity of 7 notable NFT collections. Our results show that wash trading in unregulated NFT markets is an underestimated concern and is much more widespread both in terms of frequency as well as volume. Excluding the Meebits collection, which emerged as an outlier, we found that wash trading constituted up to 25% of the total trading volume. Specifically, for the Meebits collection, a staggering 93% of its total trade volume was attributed to wash trading.