# Learning Deformable Hypothesis Sampling for Accurate PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.15970 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15970/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 31 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Dec 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [BlendedMVS: A Large-scale Dataset for Generalized Multi-view Stereo Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.10127/) (2019)
- [Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.06378/) (2019)
- [Recurrent MVSNet for High-resolution Multi-view Stereo Depth Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.10556/) (2019)
- [PatchmatchNet: Learned Multi-View Patchmatch Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.01411/) (2020)
- [Cost Volume Pyramid Based Depth Inference for Multi-View Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.08329/) (2019)
- [Deep Stereo using Adaptive Thin Volume Representation with Uncertainty Awareness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.12012/) (2019)
- [TransMVSNet: Global Context-aware Multi-view Stereo Network with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.14600/) (2021)
- [DeepPruner: Learning Efficient Stereo Matching via Differentiable PatchMatch](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.05845/) (2019)
- [Multi-Scale Geometric Consistency Guided Multi-View Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.08103/) (2019)
- [Rethinking Depth Estimation for Multi-View Stereo: A Unified Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.01501/) (2022)
- [Dense Hybrid Recurrent Multi-view Stereo Net with Dynamic Consistency Checking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.10872/) (2020)
- [AA-RMVSNet: Adaptive Aggregation Recurrent Multi-view Stereo Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.03824/) (2021)
- [DGC-Net: Dense Geometric Correspondence Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.08393/) (2018)
- [PVSNet: Pixelwise Visibility-Aware Multi-View Stereo Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.07714/) (2020)
- [TAPA-MVS: Textureless-Aware PAtchMatch Multi-View Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.10929/) (2019)
- [PatchMatch-RL: Deep MVS with Pixelwise Depth, Normal, and Visibility](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.08943/) (2021)
- [Multi-View Stereo with Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.00336/) (2021)
- [BP-MVSNet: Belief-Propagation-Layers for Multi-View-Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.12436/) (2020)
- [Deep PatchMatch MVS with Learned Patch Coplanarity, Geometric Consistency and Adaptive Pixel Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.07582/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [MonoMVSNet: Monocular Priors Guided Multi-View Stereo Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.11333/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces a learnable Deformable Hypothesis Sampler (DeformSampler) to address the challenging issue of noisy depth estimation for accurate PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo (MVS). We observe that the heuristic depth hypothesis sampling modes employed by PatchMatch MVS solvers are insensitive to (i) the piece-wise smooth distribution of depths across the object surface, and (ii) the implicit multi-modal distribution of depth prediction probabilities along the ray direction on the surface points. Accordingly, we develop DeformSampler to learn distribution-sensitive sample spaces to (i) propagate depths consistent with the scene's geometry across the object surface, and (ii) fit a Laplace Mixture model that approaches the point-wise probabilities distribution of the actual depths along the ray direction. We integrate DeformSampler into a learnable PatchMatch MVS system to enhance depth estimation in challenging areas, such as piece-wise discontinuous surface boundaries and weakly-textured regions. Experimental results on DTU and Tanks & Temples datasets demonstrate its superior performance and generalization capabilities compared to state-of-the-art competitors. Code is available at https://github.com/Geo-Tell/DS-PMNet.