# Bitrate Ladder Construction using Visual Information Fidelity

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07780 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.07780/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Leveraging Compression to Construct Transferable Bitrate Ladders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.12952/) (2025)
- [Multi-Objective Pareto-Front Optimization for Efficient Adaptive VVC Streaming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.10607/) (2026)
- [Content Adaptive Encoding For Interactive Game Streaming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.22327/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recently proposed perceptually optimized per-title video encoding methods provide better BD-rate savings than fixed bitrate-ladder approaches that have been employed in the past. However, a disadvantage of per-title encoding is that it requires significant time and energy to compute bitrate ladders. Over the past few years, a variety of methods have been proposed to construct optimal bitrate ladders including using low-level features to predict cross-over bitrates, optimal resolutions for each bitrate, predicting visual quality, etc. Here, we deploy features drawn from Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) (VIF features) extracted from uncompressed videos to predict the visual quality (VMAF) of compressed videos. We present multiple VIF feature sets extracted from different scales and subbands of a video to tackle the problem of bitrate ladder construction. Comparisons are made against a fixed bitrate ladder and a bitrate ladder obtained from exhaustive encoding using Bjontegaard delta metrics.