# Internet of Federated Digital Twins (IoFDT): Connecting Twins Beyond Borders for Society 5.0

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.06432 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06432/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 23 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.07569/) (2018)
- [Evolution-Guided Policy Gradient in Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.07917/) (2018)
- [Less Data, More Knowledge: Building Next Generation Semantic Communication Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14343/) (2022)
- [Digital Twin of Wireless Systems: Overview, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02559/) (2022)
- [Causal Reasoning: Charting a Revolutionary Course for Next-Generation AI-Native Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.13223/) (2023)
- [Edge Continual Learning for Dynamic Digital Twins over Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04795/) (2022)
- [Towards a Decentralized Metaverse: Synchronized Orchestration of Digital Twins and Sub-Metaverses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14686/) (2022)
- [The Seven Worlds and Experiences of the Wireless Metaverse: Challenges and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.10282/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)-Native Wireless Systems: A Journey Beyond 6G](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.02336/) (2024)
- [Augmented Intelligence in Smart Intersections: Local Digital Twins-Assisted Hybrid Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.12163/) (2024)
- [Towards Intelligent Transportation with Pedestrians and Vehicles In-the-Loop: A Surveillance Video-Assisted Federated Digital Twin Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.04170/) (2025)
- [How Roadside Units Enhance Intersection Safety? Cooperative Autonomous Driving System Design and A Proof of Concept](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.09144/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The concept of digital twin (DT), which enables the creation of a programmable, digital representation of physical systems, is expected to revolutionize future industries and will lie at the heart of the vision of a future smart society, namely, Society 5.0, in which high integration between cyber (digital) and physical spaces is exploited to bring economic and societal advancements. However, the success of such a DT-driven Society 5.0 requires a synergistic convergence of artificial intelligence and networking technologies into an integrated, programmable system that can coordinate DT networks to effectively deliver diverse Society 5.0 services. Prior works remain restricted to either qualitative study, simple analysis or software implementations of a single DT, and thus, they cannot provide the highly synergistic integration of digital and physical spaces as required by Society 5.0. In contrast, this paper envisions a novel concept of an Internet of Federated Digital Twins (IoFDT) that holistically integrates heterogeneous and physically separated DTs representing different Society 5.0 services within a single framework and system. For this concept of IoFDT, we first introduce a hierarchical architecture that integrates federated DTs through horizontal and vertical interactions, bridging cyber and physical spaces to unlock new possibilities. Then, we discuss challenges of realizing IoFDT, highlighting the intricacies across communication, computing, and AI-native networks while also underscoring potential innovative solutions. Subsequently, we elaborate on the importance of the implementation of a unified IoFDT platform that integrates all technical components and orchestrates their interactions, emphasizing the necessity of practical experimental platforms with a focus on real-world applications in areas like smart mobility.