# Multimodality of AI for Education: Towards Artificial General Intelligence

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.06037 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06037/

## Key facts

- Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 62 of its 252 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 62)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.02155/) (2022)
- [LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13971/) (2023)
- [Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02502/) (2020)
- [Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.13456/) (2020)
- [Layer Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.06450/) (2016)
- [You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02640/) (2015)
- [Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.12092/) (2021)
- [VQA: Visual Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.00468/) (2015)
- [Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1311.2524/) (2013)
- [SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.01073/) (2021)
- [Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.07636/) (2021)
- [Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the World](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.14824/) (2023)
- [Tune-A-Video: One-Shot Tuning of Image Diffusion Models for Text-to-Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.11565/) (2022)
- [BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17564/) (2023)
- [Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.05328/) (2016)
- [Plug and Play Language Models: A Simple Approach to Controlled Text Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.02164/) (2019)
- [NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.05519/) (2023)
- [Generative Adversarial Networks: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.07035/) (2017)
- [Language Is Not All You Need: Aligning Perception with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.14045/) (2023)
- [Object Detection in 20 Years: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.05055/) (2019)
- [Object Detection with Deep Learning: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.05511/) (2018)
- [VLMo: Unified Vision-Language Pre-Training with Mixture-of-Modality-Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.02358/) (2021)
- [Can AI-Generated Text be Reliably Detected?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11156/) (2023)
- [Multimodal Compact Bilinear Pooling for Visual Question Answering and Visual Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.01847/) (2016)

## Built on by (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [Revolutionizing Finance with LLMs: An Overview of Applications and Insights](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.11641/) (2024)
- [Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Low-Resource Languages in Humanities Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04497/) (2024)
- [Large Language Models for Manufacturing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21418/) (2024)
- [From Google Gemini to OpenAI Q* (Q-Star): A Survey of Reshaping the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Landscape](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.10868/) (2023)
- [A Systematic Assessment of OpenAI o1-Preview for Higher Order Thinking in Education](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21287/) (2024)
- [Taking the Next Step with Generative Artificial Intelligence: The Transformative Role of Multimodal Large Language Models in Science Education](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.00832/) (2024)
- [Aligning Multimodal Representations through an Information Bottleneck](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.04870/) (2025)
- [Transcending Language Boundaries: Harnessing LLMs for Low-Resource Language Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.11295/) (2024)
- [GP-GPT: Large Language Model for Gene-Phenotype Mapping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.09825/) (2024)
- [EssayJudge: A Multi-Granular Benchmark for Assessing Automated Essay Scoring Capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.11916/) (2025)
- [Potential of Multimodal Large Language Models for Data Mining of Medical Images and Free-text Reports](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05758/) (2024)
- [Towards Adaptive Feedback with AI: Comparing the Feedback Quality of LLMs and Teachers on Experimentation Protocols](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.12842/) (2025)
- [Realizing Visual Question Answering for Education: GPT-4V as a Multimodal AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.07163/) (2024)
- [Foundation Models for Low-Resource Language Education (Vision Paper)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04774/) (2024)
- [Legal Evalutions and Challenges of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.10137/) (2024)
- [Large Language Models for Bioinformatics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.06271/) (2025)
- [Multimodal Representation Learning and Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.20494/) (2025)
- [G-SciEdBERT: A Contextualized LLM for Science Assessment Tasks in German](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.06584/) (2024)
- [Evaluating the Usability of LLMs in Threat Intelligence Enrichment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15072/) (2024)
- [EduPersona: Benchmarking Subjective Ability Boundaries of Virtual Student Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.04648/) (2025)
- [Chart Deep Research in LVLMs via Parallel Relative Policy Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.06677/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a comprehensive examination of how multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are paving the way towards the realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) in educational contexts. It scrutinizes the evolution and integration of AI in educational systems, emphasizing the crucial role of multimodality, which encompasses auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and linguistic modes of learning. This research delves deeply into the key facets of AGI, including cognitive frameworks, advanced knowledge representation, adaptive learning mechanisms, strategic planning, sophisticated language processing, and the integration of diverse multimodal data sources. It critically assesses AGI's transformative potential in reshaping educational paradigms, focusing on enhancing teaching and learning effectiveness, filling gaps in existing methodologies, and addressing ethical considerations and responsible usage of AGI in educational settings. The paper also discusses the implications of multimodal AI's role in education, offering insights into future directions and challenges in AGI development. This exploration aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the intersection between AI, multimodality, and education, setting a foundation for future research and development in AGI.