# Multi-Rate Variable-Length CSI Compression for FDD Massive MIMO

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.18172 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.18172/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Generative Diffusion Model-based Compression of MIMO CSI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.03753/) (2025)
- [Fundamental Limits of CSI Compression in FDD Massive MIMO](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.14325/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

For frequency-division-duplexing (FDD) systems, channel state information (CSI) should be fed back from the user terminal to the base station. This feedback overhead becomes problematic as the number of antennas grows. To alleviate this issue, we propose a flexible CSI compression method using variational autoencoder (VAE) with an entropy bottleneck structure, which can support multi-rate and variable-length operation. Numerical study confirms that the proposed method outperforms the existing CSI compression techniques in terms of normalized mean squared error.