# Streaming Lossless Volumetric Compression of Medical Images Using Gated Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16200 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16200/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 15 of its 38 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Nov 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Neural Discrete Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.00937/) (2017)
- [Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.3555/) (2014)
- [Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.02357/) (2016)
- [Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.05328/) (2016)
- [Deep Double Descent: Where Bigger Models and More Data Hurt](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.02292/) (2019)
- [PixelCNN++: Improving the PixelCNN with Discretized Logistic Mixture Likelihood and Other Modifications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.05517/) (2017)
- [The Expressive Power of Neural Networks: A View from the Width](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.02540/) (2017)
- [CHAOS Challenge -- Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.06535/) (2020)
- [Practical Full Resolution Learned Lossless Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.12817/) (2018)
- [Integer Discrete Flows and Lossless Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.07376/) (2019)
- [Lossy Image Compression with Normalizing Flows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.10486/) (2020)
- [aiWave: Volumetric Image Compression with 3-D Trained Affine Wavelet-like Transform](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.05822/) (2022)
- [Lossless Coding of Point Cloud Geometry using a Deep Generative Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.00400/) (2021)
- [Predicting on the Edge: Identifying Where a Larger Model Does Better](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.07652/) (2022)
- [PILC: Practical Image Lossless Compression with an End-to-end GPU Oriented Neural Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.05279/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Deep learning-based lossless compression methods offer substantial advantages in compressing medical volumetric images. Nevertheless, many learning-based algorithms encounter a trade-off between practicality and compression performance. This paper introduces a hardware-friendly streaming lossless volumetric compression framework, utilizing merely one-thousandth of the model weights compared to other learning-based compression frameworks. We propose a gated recurrent convolutional neural network that combines diverse convolutional structures and fusion gate mechanisms to capture the inter-slice dependencies in volumetric images. Based on such contextual information, we can predict the pixel-by-pixel distribution for entropy coding. Guided by hardware/software co-design principles, we implement the proposed framework on Field Programmable Gate Array to achieve enhanced real-time performance. Extensive experimental results indicate that our method outperforms traditional lossless volumetric compressors and state-of-the-art learning-based lossless compression methods across various medical image benchmarks. Additionally, our method exhibits robust generalization ability and competitive compression speed