# Bayesian Neural Networks for 2D MRI Segmentation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14875 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.14875/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 28 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.4038/) (2014)
- [Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02142/) (2015)
- [Simple and Scalable Predictive Uncertainty Estimation using Deep Ensembles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.01474/) (2016)
- [CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06521/) (2018)
- [What Uncertainties Do We Need in Bayesian Deep Learning for Computer Vision?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.04977/) (2017)
- [Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreas](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.03999/) (2018)
- [Identifying the Best Machine Learning Algorithms for Brain Tumor Segmentation, Progression Assessment, and Overall Survival Prediction in the BRATS Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.02629/) (2018)
- [Variational Dropout and the Local Reparameterization Trick](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02557/) (2015)
- [Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks with Bernoulli Approximate Variational Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02158/) (2015)
- [Flipout: Efficient Pseudo-Independent Weight Perturbations on Mini-Batches](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.04386/) (2018)
- [TensorFlow Distributions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.10604/) (2017)
- [Bi-Directional ConvLSTM U-Net with Densley Connected Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.00166/) (2019)
- [SA-UNet: Spatial Attention U-Net for Retinal Vessel Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.03696/) (2020)
- [Bayesian Layers: A Module for Neural Network Uncertainty](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03973/) (2018)
- [Is MC Dropout Bayesian?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.04286/) (2021)
- [Uncertainty Quantification using Variational Inference for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.07588/) (2020)
- [MCU-Net: A framework towards uncertainty representations for decision support system patient referrals in healthcare contexts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.03995/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Uncertainty quantification is vital for safety-critical Deep Learning applications like medical image segmentation. We introduce BA U-Net, an uncertainty-aware model for MRI segmentation that integrates Bayesian Neural Networks with Attention Mechanisms. BA U-Net delivers accurate, interpretable results, crucial for reliable pathology screening. Evaluated on BraTS 2020, this model addresses the critical need for confidence estimation in deep learning-based medical imaging.