# Diffusion360: Seamless 360 Degree Panoramic Image Generation based on Diffusion Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.13141 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.13141/

## Key facts

- Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models.
- Builds on 6 of its 7 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2023.

## Placed in

- Diffusion models / [3D, point cloud and scene generation](https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/3d-point-cloud-and-scene-generation/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.12242/) (2022)
- [Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.10833/) (2021)
- [MVDiffusion: Enabling Holistic Multi-view Image Generation with Correspondence-Aware Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01097/) (2023)
- [Customizing 360-Degree Panoramas through Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.18840/) (2023)
- [360-Degree Panorama Generation from Few Unregistered NFoV Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.14686/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 49)

- [HunyuanWorld 1.0: Generating Immersive, Explorable, and Interactive 3D Worlds from Words or Pixels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21809/) (2025)
- [4K4DGen: Panoramic 4D Generation at 4K Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.13527/) (2024)
- [LayerPano3D: Layered 3D Panorama for Hyper-Immersive Scene Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13252/) (2024)
- [DiffPano: Scalable and Consistent Text to Panorama Generation with Spherical Epipolar-Aware Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.24203/) (2024)
- [EmbodiedGen: Towards a Generative 3D World Engine for Embodied Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.10600/) (2025)
- [CubeDiff: Repurposing Diffusion-Based Image Models for Panorama Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.17162/) (2025)
- [Matrix-3D: Omnidirectional Explorable 3D World Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.08086/) (2025)
- [WonderTurbo: Generating Interactive 3D World in 0.72 Seconds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.02261/) (2025)
- [Imagine360: Immersive 360 Video Generation from Perspective Anchor](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.03552/) (2024)
- [DA2: Depth Anything in Any Direction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.26618/) (2025)
- [FastScene: Text-Driven Fast 3D Indoor Scene Generation via Panoramic Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.05768/) (2024)
- [HoloDreamer: Holistic 3D Panoramic World Generation from Text Descriptions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.15187/) (2024)
- [DiT360: High-Fidelity Panoramic Image Generation via Hybrid Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.11712/) (2025)
- [PanoFree: Tuning-Free Holistic Multi-view Image Generation with Cross-view Self-Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.02157/) (2024)
- [A Recipe for Generating 3D Worlds From a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.16611/) (2025)
- [DreamCube: 3D Panorama Generation via Multi-plane Synchronization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.17206/) (2025)
- [Conditional Panoramic Image Generation via Masked Autoregressive Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16862/) (2025)
- [WonderFree: Enhancing Novel View Quality and Cross-View Consistency for 3D Scene Exploration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.20590/) (2025)
- [PanoWorld-X: Generating Explorable Panoramic Worlds via Sphere-Aware Video Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.24997/) (2025)
- [360Anything: Geometry-Free Lifting of Images and Videos to 360deg](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.16192/) (2026)
- [InSpatio-WorldFM: An Open-Source Real-Time Generative Frame Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.11911/) (2026)
- [TwinDiffusion: Enhancing Coherence and Efficiency in Panoramic Image Generation with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.19475/) (2024)
- [ImmerseGen: Agent-Guided Immersive World Generation with Alpha-Textured Proxies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.14315/) (2025)
- [360PanT: Training-Free Text-Driven 360-Degree Panorama-to-Panorama Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.08397/) (2024)
- [Multi-Scale Diffusion: Enhancing Spatial Layout in High-Resolution Panoramic Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.18830/) (2024)
- [OmniX: From Unified Panoramic Generation and Perception to Graphics-Ready 3D Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.26800/) (2025)
- [GaMO: Geometry-aware Multi-view Diffusion Outpainting for Sparse-View 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.25073/) (2025)
- [Pantheon360: Taming Digital Twin Generation via 3D-Aware 360deg Video Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.25449/) (2026)
- [MoVerse: Real-Time Video World Modeling with Panoramic Gaussian Scaffold](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.13376/) (2026)
- [TanDiT: Tangent-Plane Diffusion Transformer for High-Quality 360deg Panorama Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.21681/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This is a technical report on the 360-degree panoramic image generation task based on diffusion models. Unlike ordinary 2D images, 360-degree panoramic images capture the entire 360^circ× 180^circ field of view. So the rightmost and the leftmost sides of the 360 panoramic image should be continued, which is the main challenge in this field. However, the current diffusion pipeline is not appropriate for generating such a seamless 360-degree panoramic image. To this end, we propose a circular blending strategy on both the denoising and VAE decoding stages to maintain the geometry continuity. Based on this, we present two models for Text-to-360-panoramas and Single-Image-to-360-panoramas tasks. The code has been released as an open-source project at hrefhttps://github.com/ArcherFMY/SD-T2I-360PanoImagehttps://github.com/ArcherFMY/SD-T2I-360PanoImage and hrefhttps://www.modelscope.cn/models/damo/cvdiffusiontext-to-360panorama-imagegeneration/summaryModelScope