# Occlusion-Aware 2D and 3D Centerline Detection for Urban Driving via Automatic Label Generation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02044 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.02044/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 22 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Nov 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 22 of 22)

- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.01685/) (2016)
- [Encoder-Decoder with Atrous Separable Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.02611/) (2018)
- [Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.04838/) (2019)
- [BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.17270/) (2022)
- [Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.00493/) (2023)
- [NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehicles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.11810/) (2021)
- [Motion Transformer with Global Intention Localization and Local Movement Refinement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.13508/) (2022)
- [MultiPath++: Efficient Information Fusion and Trajectory Aggregation for Behavior Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.14973/) (2021)
- [MP3: A Unified Model to Map, Perceive, Predict and Plan](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.06806/) (2021)
- [MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.05736/) (2023)
- [Hierarchical Multi-Scale Attention for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.10821/) (2020)
- [PersFormer: 3D Lane Detection via Perspective Transformer and the OpenLane Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11089/) (2022)
- [Towards End-to-End Lane Detection: an Instance Segmentation Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.05591/) (2018)
- [DeepInteraction: 3D Object Detection via Modality Interaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.11112/) (2022)
- [Rethinking Efficient Lane Detection via Curve Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.02431/) (2022)
- [Key Points Estimation and Point Instance Segmentation Approach for Lane Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.06604/) (2020)
- [Gen-LaneNet: A Generalized and Scalable Approach for 3D Lane Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.10656/) (2020)
- [Graph-based Topology Reasoning for Driving Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.05277/) (2023)
- [CAMO-MOT: Combined Appearance-Motion Optimization for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Camera-LiDAR Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02540/) (2022)
- [CurveFormer: 3D Lane Detection by Curve Propagation with Curve Queries and Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.07989/) (2022)
- [MATS: An Interpretable Trajectory Forecasting Representation for Planning and Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.07517/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This research work seeks to explore and identify strategies that can determine road topology information in 2D and 3D under highly dynamic urban driving scenarios. To facilitate this exploration, we introduce a substantial dataset comprising nearly one million automatically labeled data frames. A key contribution of our research lies in developing an automatic label-generation process and an occlusion handling strategy. This strategy is designed to model a wide range of occlusion scenarios, from mild disruptions to severe blockages. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive ablation study wherein multiple centerline detection methods are developed and evaluated. This analysis not only benchmarks the performance of various approaches but also provides valuable insights into the interpretability of these methods. Finally, we demonstrate the practicality of our methods and assess their adaptability across different sensor configurations, highlighting their versatility and relevance in real-world scenarios. Our dataset and experimental models are publicly available.