# Nabra: Syrian Arabic Dialects with Morphological Annotations

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17315 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.17315/

## Key facts

- Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 45 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Oct 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [NADI 2020: The First Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11334/) (2020)
- [A Panoramic Survey of Natural Language Processing in the Arab World](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.12631/) (2020)
- [Wojood: Nested Arabic Named Entity Corpus and Recognition using BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09651/) (2022)
- [NADI 2021: The Second Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.08466/) (2021)
- [Curras + Baladi: Towards a Levantine Corpus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09692/) (2022)
- [The Arabic Ontology -- An Arabic Wordnet with Ontologically Clean Content](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09664/) (2022)
- [ArabGlossBERT: Fine-Tuning BERT on Context-Gloss Pairs for WSD](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09685/) (2022)
- [Extracting Synonyms from Bilingual Dictionaries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.00600/) (2020)
- [A Benchmark and Scoring Algorithm for Enriching Arabic Synonyms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.02232/) (2023)
- [LU-BZU at SemEval-2021 Task 2: Word2Vec and Lemma2Vec performance in Arabic Word-in-Context disambiguation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08110/) (2021)
- [TArC: Tunisian Arabish Corpus First complete release](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.04796/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [SALMA: Arabic Sense-Annotated Corpus and WSD Benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.19029/) (2023)
- [ArBanking77: Intent Detection Neural Model and a New Dataset in Modern and Dialectical Arabic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.19034/) (2023)
- [WojoodNER 2024: The Second Arabic Named Entity Recognition Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.09936/) (2024)
- [Qabas: An Open-Source Arabic Lexicographic Database](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06598/) (2024)
- [NLU-STR at SemEval-2024 Task 1: Generative-based Augmentation and Encoder-based Scoring for Semantic Textual Relatedness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00659/) (2024)
- [SHAMI-MT: A Syrian Arabic Dialect to Modern Standard Arabic Bidirectional Machine Translation System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.02268/) (2025)
- [ARCADE: A City-Scale Corpus for Fine-Grained Arabic Dialect Tagging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.02209/) (2026)
- [SinaTools: Open Source Toolkit for Arabic Natural Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.01523/) (2024)
- [Navigating Dialectal Bias and Ethical Complexities in Levantine Arabic Hate Speech Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.10991/) (2024)
- [Ramsa: A Large Sociolinguistically Rich Emirati Arabic Speech Corpus for ASR and TTS](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.08125/) (2026)
- [SHAMS: An Audio-Grounded Pronunciation Benchmark for Levantine Arabic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01427/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents Nabra, a corpora of Syrian Arabic dialects with morphological annotations. A team of Syrian natives collected more than 6K sentences containing about 60K words from several sources including social media posts, scripts of movies and series, lyrics of songs and local proverbs to build Nabra. Nabra covers several local Syrian dialects including those of Aleppo, Damascus, Deir-ezzur, Hama, Homs, Huran, Latakia, Mardin, Raqqah, and Suwayda. A team of nine annotators annotated the 60K tokens with full morphological annotations across sentence contexts. We trained the annotators to follow methodological annotation guidelines to ensure unique morpheme annotations, and normalized the annotations. F1 and kappa agreement scores ranged between 74% and 98% across features, showing the excellent quality of Nabra annotations. Our corpora are open-source and publicly available as part of the Currasat portal https://sina.birzeit.edu/currasat.