# NADI 2023: The Fourth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.16117 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.16117/

## Key facts

- Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 70 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [mT5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11934/) (2020)
- [ByT5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13626/) (2021)
- [AraBERT: Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00104/) (2020)
- [Supervised Contrastive Learning for Pre-trained Language Model Fine-tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.01403/) (2020)
- [ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Arabic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.01785/) (2020)
- [AraT5: Text-to-Text Transformers for Arabic Language Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12068/) (2021)
- [NADI 2020: The First Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11334/) (2020)
- [ORCA: A Challenging Benchmark for Arabic Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.10758/) (2022)
- [Arabic Dialect Identification in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.06557/) (2020)
- [AraELECTRA: Pre-Training Text Discriminators for Arabic Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.15516/) (2020)
- [NADI 2021: The Second Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.08466/) (2021)
- [AraBART: a Pretrained Arabic Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10945/) (2022)
- [Arap-Tweet: A Large Multi-Dialect Twitter Corpus for Gender, Age and Language Variety Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.07674/) (2018)
- [NADI 2022: The Third Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.09582/) (2022)
- [Dolphin: A Challenging and Diverse Benchmark for Arabic NLG](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14989/) (2023)
- [A Large Scale Corpus of Gulf Arabic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02960/) (2016)
- [TARJAMAT: Evaluation of Bard and ChatGPT on Machine Translation of Ten Arabic Varieties](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03051/) (2023)
- [Automatic Arabic Dialect Identification Systems for Written Texts: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.12622/) (2020)
- [Investigating Code-Mixed Modern Standard Arabic-Egyptian to English Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13573/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 29 of 29)

- [AraDiCE: Benchmarks for Dialectal and Cultural Capabilities in LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.11404/) (2024)
- [Natural Language Processing for Dialects of a Language: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.05632/) (2024)
- [NADI 2024: The Fifth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.04910/) (2024)
- [AraFinNLP 2024: The First Arabic Financial NLP Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.09818/) (2024)
- [Voices Unheard: NLP Resources and Models for Yor`ub'a Regional Dialects](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.19564/) (2024)
- [AL-QASIDA: Analyzing LLM Quality and Accuracy Systematically in Dialectal Arabic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04193/) (2024)
- [Swan and ArabicMTEB: Dialect-Aware, Arabic-Centric, Cross-Lingual, and Cross-Cultural Embedding Models and Benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.01192/) (2024)
- [Tokenization and Representation Biases in Multilingual Models on Dialectal NLP Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.20045/) (2025)
- [Exploiting Dialect Identification in Automatic Dialectal Text Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.03020/) (2024)
- [NADI 2025: The First Multidialectal Arabic Speech Processing Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.02038/) (2025)
- [WojoodNER 2024: The Second Arabic Named Entity Recognition Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.09936/) (2024)
- [DialectalArabicMMLU: Benchmarking Dialectal Capabilities in Arabic and Multilingual Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.27543/) (2025)
- [A Survey of Code-switched Arabic NLP: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.13419/) (2025)
- [Estimating the Level of Dialectness Predicts Interannotator Agreement in Multi-dialect Arabic Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.11282/) (2024)
- [USTHB at NADI 2023 shared task: Exploring Preprocessing and Feature Engineering Strategies for Arabic Dialect Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.10536/) (2023)
- [MENASpeechBank: A Reference Voice Bank with Persona-Conditioned Multi-Turn Conversations for AudioLLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.07036/) (2026)
- [ArabicNLU 2024: The First Arabic Natural Language Understanding Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.20663/) (2024)
- [Revisiting Common Assumptions about Arabic Dialects in NLP](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.21816/) (2025)
- [Dialect Normalization using Large Language Models and Morphological Rules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.08907/) (2025)
- [The Arabic Generality Score: Another Dimension of Modeling Arabic Dialectness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.17347/) (2025)
- [AlexandriaX 2026: The First Shared Task on Dialectal Arabic Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.22796/) (2026)
- [Mavericks at NADI 2023 Shared Task: Unravelling Regional Nuances through Dialect Identification using Transformer-based Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.18739/) (2023)
- [dzNLP at NADI 2024 Shared Task: Multi-Classifier Ensemble with Weighted Voting and TF-IDF Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13608/) (2024)
- [Curriculum Learning and Pseudo-Labeling Improve the Generalization of Multi-Label Arabic Dialect Identification Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.12937/) (2026)
- [NLP Privacy Risk Identification in Social Media (NLP-PRISM): A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.15866/) (2026)
- [Can Dialects Be Steered Like Languages? Sparse Neurons and Distributed Directions in Arabic LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.03936/) (2026)
- [FineWeb-CLaR: Culture, Language, and Region Annotations for Benchmark-Aligned Corpus Auditing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.25298/) (2026)
- [NADI 2026: The Second Multidialectal Arabic Speech Processing Shared Task](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.27086/) (2026)
- [BARRAC: Adaptation of an English Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis Approach for Classification Tasks in Arabic Dialects](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.38820/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We describe the findings of the fourth Nuanced Arabic Dialect Identification Shared Task (NADI 2023). The objective of NADI is to help advance state-of-the-art Arabic NLP by creating opportunities for teams of researchers to collaboratively compete under standardized conditions. It does so with a focus on Arabic dialects, offering novel datasets and defining subtasks that allow for meaningful comparisons between different approaches. NADI 2023 targeted both dialect identification (Subtask 1) and dialect-to-MSA machine translation (Subtask 2 and Subtask 3). A total of 58 unique teams registered for the shared task, of whom 18 teams have participated (with 76 valid submissions during test phase). Among these, 16 teams participated in Subtask 1, 5 participated in Subtask 2, and 3 participated in Subtask 3. The winning teams achieved 87.27 F1 on Subtask 1, 14.76 Bleu in Subtask 2, and 21.10 Bleu in Subtask 3, respectively. Results show that all three subtasks remain challenging, thereby motivating future work in this area. We describe the methods employed by the participating teams and briefly offer an outlook for NADI.