# MotionDirector: Motion Customization of Text-to-Video Diffusion Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.08465 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08465/

## Key facts

- Cited by 173 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Video generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models.
- Builds on 46 of its 53 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2023.

## Placed in

- Diffusion models / [Video generation](https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/video-generation/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 46)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
- [Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05233/) (2021)
- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.08402/) (2022)
- [DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.12242/) (2022)
- [CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08718/) (2021)
- [Imagen Video: High Definition Video Generation with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02303/) (2022)
- [Make-A-Video: Text-to-Video Generation without Text-Video Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14792/) (2022)
- [Align your Latents: High-Resolution Video Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.08818/) (2023)
- [AnimateDiff: Animate Your Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models without Specific Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.04725/) (2023)
- [Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.00650/) (2021)
- [Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.04488/) (2022)
- [CogVideo: Large-scale Pretraining for Text-to-Video Generation via Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.15868/) (2022)
- [Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.01569/) (2023)
- [Tune-A-Video: One-Shot Tuning of Image Diffusion Models for Text-to-Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.11565/) (2022)
- [Text2Video-Zero: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models are Zero-Shot Video Generators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13439/) (2023)
- [VideoGPT: Video Generation using VQ-VAE and Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10157/) (2021)
- [ModelScope Text-to-Video Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06571/) (2023)
- [Structure and Content-Guided Video Synthesis with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.03011/) (2023)
- [MoCoGAN: Decomposing Motion and Content for Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.04993/) (2017)
- [VideoComposer: Compositional Video Synthesis with Motion Controllability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02018/) (2023)
- [Unsupervised Learning of Video Representations using LSTMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1502.04681/) (2015)
- [ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13848/) (2023)
- [AnyDoor: Zero-shot Object-level Image Customization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09481/) (2023)
- [Latent Video Diffusion Models for High-Fidelity Long Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13221/) (2022)
- [Generating Videos with Scene Dynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02612/) (2016)
- [Uni-ControlNet: All-in-One Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.16322/) (2023)
- [LAVIE: High-Quality Video Generation with Cascaded Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15103/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 173)

- [HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.03603/) (2024)
- [MotionCtrl: A Unified and Flexible Motion Controller for Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.03641/) (2023)
- [StoryDiffusion: Consistent Self-Attention for Long-Range Image and Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.01434/) (2024)
- [DreamVideo: Composing Your Dream Videos with Customized Subject and Motion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.04433/) (2023)
- [Motion Prompting: Controlling Video Generation with Motion Trajectories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.02700/) (2024)
- [SparseCtrl: Adding Sparse Controls to Text-to-Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16933/) (2023)
- [Direct-a-Video: Customized Video Generation with User-Directed Camera Movement and Object Motion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.03162/) (2024)
- [Tora: Trajectory-oriented Diffusion Transformer for Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21705/) (2024)
- [DragAnything: Motion Control for Anything using Entity Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.07420/) (2024)
- [DimensionX: Create Any 3D and 4D Scenes from a Single Image with Controllable Video Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04928/) (2024)
- [VideoBooth: Diffusion-based Video Generation with Image Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00777/) (2023)
- [Collaborative Video Diffusion: Consistent Multi-video Generation with Camera Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.17414/) (2024)
- [Adaptive Caching for Faster Video Generation with Diffusion Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.02397/) (2024)
- [MotionClone: Training-Free Motion Cloning for Controllable Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.05338/) (2024)
- [Automated Movie Generation via Multi-Agent CoT Planning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.07314/) (2025)
- [VMC: Video Motion Customization using Temporal Attention Adaption for Text-to-Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00845/) (2023)
- [InstructVideo: Instructing Video Diffusion Models with Human Feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.12490/) (2023)
- [Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.04279/) (2024)
- [Follow-Your-Motion: Video Motion Transfer via Efficient Spatial-Temporal Decoupled Finetuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.05207/) (2025)
- [ARTboldsymbol·V: Auto-Regressive Text-to-Video Generation with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.18834/) (2023)
- [ReVideo: Remake a Video with Motion and Content Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.13865/) (2024)
- [3DTrajMaster: Mastering 3D Trajectory for Multi-Entity Motion in Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.07759/) (2024)
- [ReCapture: Generative Video Camera Controls for User-Provided Videos using Masked Video Fine-Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.05003/) (2024)
- [HumanVid: Demystifying Training Data for Camera-controllable Human Image Animation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.17438/) (2024)
- [Video Diffusion Models are Training-free Motion Interpreter and Controller](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14864/) (2024)
- [FreeTraj: Tuning-Free Trajectory Control in Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.16863/) (2024)
- [CVPR 2023 Text Guided Video Editing Competition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.16003/) (2023)
- [Customize-A-Video: One-Shot Motion Customization of Text-to-Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.14780/) (2024)
- [I2VEdit: First-Frame-Guided Video Editing via Image-to-Video Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.16537/) (2024)
- [Towards A Better Metric for Text-to-Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.07781/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Large-scale pre-trained diffusion models have exhibited remarkable capabilities in diverse video generations. Given a set of video clips of the same motion concept, the task of Motion Customization is to adapt existing text-to-video diffusion models to generate videos with this motion. For example, generating a video with a car moving in a prescribed manner under specific camera movements to make a movie, or a video illustrating how a bear would lift weights to inspire creators. Adaptation methods have been developed for customizing appearance like subject or style, yet unexplored for motion. It is straightforward to extend mainstream adaption methods for motion customization, including full model tuning, parameter-efficient tuning of additional layers, and Low-Rank Adaptions (LoRAs). However, the motion concept learned by these methods is often coupled with the limited appearances in the training videos, making it difficult to generalize the customized motion to other appearances. To overcome this challenge, we propose MotionDirector, with a dual-path LoRAs architecture to decouple the learning of appearance and motion. Further, we design a novel appearance-debiased temporal loss to mitigate the influence of appearance on the temporal training objective. Experimental results show the proposed method can generate videos of diverse appearances for the customized motions. Our method also supports various downstream applications, such as the mixing of different videos with their appearance and motion respectively, and animating a single image with customized motions. Our code and model weights will be released.