# Humanoid Agents: Platform for Simulating Human-like Generative Agents

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.05418 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.05418/

## Key facts

- Cited by 73 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use.
- Builds on 10 of its 36 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2023.

## Placed in

- LLM agents and tool use / [Social simulation and multi-agent debate](https://mlsanity.com/agents/social-simulation-and-multi-agent-debate/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03442/) (2023)
- [Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.16291/) (2023)
- [Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.07243/) (2018)
- [COMET: Commonsense Transformers for Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.05317/) (2019)
- [Visually Grounded Reasoning across Languages and Cultures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.13238/) (2021)
- [A Computational Approach to Understanding Empathy Expressed in Text-Based Mental Health Support](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.08441/) (2020)
- [Can Machines Learn Morality? The Delphi Experiment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.07574/) (2021)
- [Learning to Speak and Act in a Fantasy Text Adventure Game](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.03094/) (2019)
- [Extracting and Inferring Personal Attributes from Dialogue](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12702/) (2021)
- [Author2Vec: A Framework for Generating User Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.11627/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 73)

- [Large Language Models Empowered Agent-based Modeling and Simulation: A Survey and Perspectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11970/) (2023)
- [From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.18231/) (2024)
- [Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.01171/) (2024)
- [Cooperate or Collapse: Emergence of Sustainable Cooperation in a Society of LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.16698/) (2024)
- [A Survey on Large Language Model-Based Game Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02039/) (2024)
- [Survey of Cultural Awareness in Language Models: Text and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.00860/) (2024)
- [From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.03563/) (2024)
- [TrustAgent: Towards Safe and Trustworthy LLM-based Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.01586/) (2024)
- [Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? The Misleading Success of Simulating Social Interactions With LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05020/) (2024)
- [Do LLMs Have Distinct and Consistent Personality? TRAIT: Personality Testset designed for LLMs with Psychometrics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.14703/) (2024)
- [Experiential Co-Learning of Software-Developing Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.17025/) (2023)
- [Multi-Agent Consensus Seeking via Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.20151/) (2023)
- [The Oscars of AI Theater: A Survey on Role-Playing with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.11484/) (2024)
- [LLM as OS, Agents as Apps: Envisioning AIOS, Agents and the AIOS-Agent Ecosystem](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.03815/) (2023)
- [Simulating Human-like Daily Activities with Desire-driven Autonomy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.06435/) (2024)
- [MobileExperts: A Dynamic Tool-Enabled Agent Team in Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.03913/) (2024)
- [Do Large Language Models Solve the Problems of Agent-Based Modeling? A Critical Review of Generative Social Simulations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.03274/) (2025)
- [CitySim: Modeling Urban Behaviors and City Dynamics with Large-Scale LLM-Driven Agent Simulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.21805/) (2025)
- [Emotional RAG: Enhancing Role-Playing Agents through Emotional Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.23041/) (2024)
- [Depending on yourself when you should: Mentoring LLM with RL agents to become the master in cybersecurity games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.17674/) (2024)
- [ValueBench: Towards Comprehensively Evaluating Value Orientations and Understanding of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.04214/) (2024)
- [Position: Towards Bidirectional Human-AI Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09264/) (2024)
- [Iterative Experience Refinement of Software-Developing Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.04219/) (2024)
- [Virtual Community: An Open World for Humans, Robots, and Society](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.14893/) (2025)
- [Exploring and Controlling Diversity in LLM-Agent Conversation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.21102/) (2024)
- [AgentAvatar: Disentangling Planning, Driving and Rendering for Photorealistic Avatar Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.17465/) (2023)
- [Towards Objectively Benchmarking Social Intelligence for Language Agents at Action Level](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.05337/) (2024)
- [MLLM as Retriever: Interactively Learning Multimodal Retrieval for Embodied Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.03450/) (2024)
- [From Interaction to Impact: Towards Safer AI Agents Through Understanding and Evaluating Mobile UI Operation Impacts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.09006/) (2024)
- [Affordable Generative Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.02053/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Just as computational simulations of atoms, molecules and cells have shaped the way we study the sciences, true-to-life simulations of human-like agents can be valuable tools for studying human behavior. We propose Humanoid Agents, a system that guides Generative Agents to behave more like humans by introducing three elements of System 1 processing: Basic needs (e.g. hunger, health and energy), Emotion and Closeness in Relationships. Humanoid Agents are able to use these dynamic elements to adapt their daily activities and conversations with other agents, as supported with empirical experiments. Our system is designed to be extensible to various settings, three of which we demonstrate, as well as to other elements influencing human behavior (e.g. empathy, moral values and cultural background). Our platform also includes a Unity WebGL game interface for visualization and an interactive analytics dashboard to show agent statuses over time. Our platform is available on https://www.humanoidagents.com/ and code is on https://github.com/HumanoidAgents/HumanoidAgents