# Investigating the changes in BOLD responses during viewing of images with varied complexity: An fMRI time-series based analysis on human vision

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15495 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15495/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 19 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Deep learning for time series classification: a review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.04356/) (2018)
- [Time Series Classification from Scratch with Deep Neural Networks: A Strong Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.06455/) (2016)
- [LSTM Fully Convolutional Networks for Time Series Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.05206/) (2017)
- [Multivariate LSTM-FCNs for Time Series Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04503/) (2018)
- [BOLD5000: A public fMRI dataset of 5000 images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.01281/) (2018)
- [Visio-Linguistic Brain Encoding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08261/) (2022)
- [Spatial encoding of BOLD fMRI time series for categorizing static images across visual datasets: A pilot study on human vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03590/) (2023)
- [A Tour of Visualization Techniques for Computer Vision Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08601/) (2022)
- [Understanding Cognitive Fatigue from fMRI Scans with Self-supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.15009/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Image complexity based fMRI-BOLD visual network categorization across visual datasets using topological descriptors and deep-hybrid learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.08417/) (2023)
- [Towards understanding the nature of direct functional connectivity in visual brain network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11480/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Functional MRI (fMRI) is widely used to examine brain functionality by detecting alteration in oxygenated blood flow that arises with brain activity. This work aims to investigate the neurological variation of human brain responses during viewing of images with varied complexity using fMRI time series (TS) analysis. Publicly available BOLD5000 dataset is used for this purpose which contains fMRI scans while viewing 5254 distinct images of diverse categories, drawn from three standard computer vision datasets: COCO, Imagenet and SUN. To understand vision, it is important to study how brain functions while looking at images of diverse complexities. Our first study employs classical machine learning and deep learning strategies to classify image complexity-specific fMRI TS, represents instances when images from COCO, Imagenet and SUN datasets are seen. The implementation of this classification across visual datasets holds great significance, as it provides valuable insights into the fluctuations in BOLD signals when perceiving images of varying complexities. Subsequently, temporal semantic segmentation is also performed on whole fMRI TS to segment these time instances. The obtained result of this analysis has established a baseline in studying how differently human brain functions while looking into images of diverse complexities. Therefore, accurate identification and distinguishing of variations in BOLD signals from fMRI TS data serves as a critical initial step in vision studies, providing insightful explanations for how static images with diverse complexities are perceived.