# An Efficient and Secure Arbitrary N-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Using Bell States

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12719 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.12719/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A Unitary Weights Based One-Iteration Quantum Perceptron Algorithm for Non-Ideal Training Sets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.14366/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Two quantum key agreement protocols using Bell states and Bell measurement were recently proposed by Shukla et al.(Quantum Inf. Process. 13(11), 2391-2405, 2014). However, Zhu et al. pointed out that there are some security flaws and proposed an improved version (Quantum Inf. Process. 14(11), 4245-4254, 2015). In this study, we will show Zhu et al.'s improvement still exists some security problems, and its efficiency is not high enough. For solving these problems, we utilize four Pauli operations {I, Z, X, Y } to encode two bits instead of the original two operations {I,X} to encode one bit, and then propose an efficient and secure arbitrary N-party quantum key agreement protocol. In the protocol, the channel checking with decoy single photons is introduced to avoid the eavesdropper's flip attack, and a post-measurement mechanism is used to prevent against the collusion attack. The security analysis shows the present protocol can guarantee the correctness, security, privacy and fairness of quantum key agreement.