# Effective Image Tampering Localization via Enhanced Transformer and Co-attention Fusion

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.09306 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.09306/

## Key facts

- Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.0312/) (2014)
- [SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.15203/) (2021)
- [Multi-Scale Context Aggregation by Dilated Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.07122/) (2015)
- [Dual Attention Network for Scene Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02983/) (2018)
- [Coordinate Attention for Efficient Mobile Network Design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02907/) (2021)
- [BAM: Bottleneck Attention Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06514/) (2018)
- [PSCC-Net: Progressive Spatio-Channel Correlation Network for Image Manipulation Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.10596/) (2021)
- [MVSS-Net: Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervised Networks for Image Manipulation Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.08935/) (2021)
- [Noiseprint: a CNN-based camera model fingerprint](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.08396/) (2018)
- [Image Manipulation Detection by Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.06832/) (2021)
- [Learning JPEG Compression Artifacts for Image Manipulation Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.12947/) (2021)
- [Learn to Segment Retinal Lesions and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.11619/) (2019)
- [Self-Adversarial Training incorporating Forgery Attention for Image Forgery Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.02434/) (2021)
- [Learning Detail-Structure Alternative Optimization for Blind Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.01624/) (2022)
- [Exploring Resolution Fields for Scalable Image Compression with Uncertainty Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08941/) (2023)
- [Effective Image Tampering Localization with Multi-Scale ConvNeXt Feature Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.13739/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Exploring Multi-view Pixel Contrast for General and Robust Image Forgery Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.13565/) (2024)
- [M2SFormer: Multi-Spectral and Multi-Scale Attention with Edge-Aware Difficulty Guidance for Image Forgery Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.20922/) (2025)
- [AnimeDL-2M: Million-Scale AI-Generated Anime Image Detection and Localization in Diffusion Era](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.11015/) (2025)
- [DEAL-300K: Diffusion-based Editing Area Localization with a 300K-Scale Dataset and Frequency-Prompted Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.23377/) (2025)
- [LookupForensics: A Large-Scale Multi-Task Dataset for Multi-Phase Image-Based Fact Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.18614/) (2024)
- [Image Forgery Localization with State Space Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.11214/) (2024)
- [A Lightweight and Effective Image Tampering Localization Network with Vision Mamba](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.09941/) (2025)
- [Spatio-temporal Co-attention Fusion Network for Video Splicing Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.09482/) (2023)
- [A Noise and Edge extraction-based dual-branch method for Shallowfake and Deepfake Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.00896/) (2024)
- [Image Forgery Localization via Guided Noise and Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.01622/) (2024)
- [Learning Universal Features for Generalizable Image Forgery Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.07462/) (2025)
- [Semantic Manipulation Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.10132/) (2026)
- [SARIF: Segment Anything for Robust Image Forensics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.21108/) (2026)
- [Effective Synthetic Image Detection via Noise Residual Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.10695/) (2026)
- [AGIDefect-4K: A Richly Annotated Dataset for AI-Generated Image Defect Detection, Localization and Explanation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.20713/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Powerful manipulation techniques have made digital image forgeries be easily created and widespread without leaving visual anomalies. The blind localization of tampered regions becomes quite significant for image forensics. In this paper, we propose an effective image tampering localization network (EITLNet) based on a two-branch enhanced transformer encoder with attention-based feature fusion. Specifically, a feature enhancement module is designed to enhance the feature representation ability of the transformer encoder. The features extracted from RGB and noise streams are fused effectively by the coordinate attention-based fusion module at multiple scales. Extensive experimental results verify that the proposed scheme achieves the state-of-the-art generalization ability and robustness in various benchmark datasets. Code will be public at https://github.com/multimediaFor/EITLNet.