# 360-Degree Panorama Generation from Few Unregistered NFoV Images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.14686 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.14686/

## Key facts

- Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 33 of its 44 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 33)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02502/) (2020)
- [Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05233/) (2021)
- [Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.12598/) (2022)
- [Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.00667/) (2022)
- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.12086/) (2022)
- [LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.08402/) (2022)
- [Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.09841/) (2020)
- [SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching with Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.11763/) (2019)
- [Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreas](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.03999/) (2018)
- [RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.09865/) (2022)
- [SuperPoint: Self-Supervised Interest Point Detection and Description](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.07629/) (2017)
- [Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.15282/) (2021)
- [CrossViT: Cross-Attention Multi-Scale Vision Transformer for Image Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14899/) (2021)
- [Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.07161/) (2021)
- [Zero-Shot Image Restoration Using Denoising Diffusion Null-Space Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.00490/) (2022)
- [Large Scale Image Completion via Co-Modulated Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.10428/) (2021)
- [The Role of ImageNet Classes in Fr'echet Inception Distance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.06026/) (2022)
- [Learning to Predict Indoor Illumination from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.00090/) (2017)
- [StyleLight: HDR Panorama Generation for Lighting Estimation and Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.14811/) (2022)
- [Diverse Plausible 360-Degree Image Outpainting for Efficient 3DCG Background Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.14668/) (2022)
- [Extreme Rotation Estimation using Dense Correlation Volumes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13530/) (2021)
- [The 8-Point Algorithm as an Inductive Bias for Relative Pose Prediction by ViTs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.08988/) (2022)
- [Guided Co-Modulated GAN for 360deg Field of View Extrapolation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07286/) (2022)
- [Virtual Correspondence: Humans as a Cue for Extreme-View Geometry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.08365/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 42)

- [HunyuanWorld 1.0: Generating Immersive, Explorable, and Interactive 3D Worlds from Words or Pixels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21809/) (2025)
- [DiffusionLight: Light Probes for Free by Painting a Chrome Ball](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.09168/) (2023)
- [360DVD: Controllable Panorama Video Generation with 360-Degree Video Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.06578/) (2024)
- [LayerPano3D: Layered 3D Panorama for Hyper-Immersive Scene Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13252/) (2024)
- [Diffusion360: Seamless 360 Degree Panoramic Image Generation based on Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.13141/) (2023)
- [DiffPano: Scalable and Consistent Text to Panorama Generation with Spherical Epipolar-Aware Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.24203/) (2024)
- [CubeDiff: Repurposing Diffusion-Based Image Models for Panorama Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.17162/) (2025)
- [Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation from Text Descriptions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.05295/) (2023)
- [Imagine360: Immersive 360 Video Generation from Perspective Anchor](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.03552/) (2024)
- [DynamicScaler: Seamless and Scalable Video Generation for Panoramic Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.11100/) (2024)
- [PanSplat: 4K Panorama Synthesis with Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.12096/) (2024)
- [A Survey of Representation Learning, Optimization Strategies, and Applications for Omnidirectional Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.10444/) (2025)
- [3D Scene Generation: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.05474/) (2025)
- [DiT360: High-Fidelity Panoramic Image Generation via Hybrid Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.11712/) (2025)
- [VideoPanda: Video Panoramic Diffusion with Multi-view Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.11389/) (2025)
- [Taming Stable Diffusion for Text to 360deg Panorama Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.07949/) (2024)
- [DreamCube: 3D Panorama Generation via Multi-plane Synchronization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.17206/) (2025)
- [DiffusionLight-Turbo: Accelerated Light Probes for Free via Single-Pass Chrome Ball Inpainting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.01305/) (2025)
- [PANORAMA: The Rise of Omnidirectional Vision in the Embodied AI Era](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.12989/) (2025)
- [Panorama Generation From NFoV Image Done Right](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.18420/) (2025)
- [Dream360: Diverse and Immersive Outdoor Virtual Scene Creation via Transformer-Based 360 Image Outpainting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10564/) (2024)
- [Geometry Fidelity for Spherical Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.18207/) (2024)
- [Omni2: Unifying Omnidirectional Image Generation and Editing in an Omni Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.11379/) (2025)
- [Conditional Panoramic Image Generation via Masked Autoregressive Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16862/) (2025)
- [360Anything: Geometry-Free Lifting of Images and Videos to 360deg](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.16192/) (2026)
- [EdgeRelight360: Text-Conditioned 360-Degree HDR Image Generation for Real-Time On-Device Video Portrait Relighting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.09918/) (2024)
- [CamFreeDiff: Camera-free Image to Panorama Generation with Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.07174/) (2024)
- [OmniDrag: Enabling Motion Control for Omnidirectional Image-to-Video Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.09623/) (2024)
- [SPGen: Spherical Projection as Consistent and Flexible Representation for Single Image 3D Shape Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.12721/) (2025)
- [MTPano: Multi-Task Panoramic Scene Understanding via Label-Free Integration of Dense Prediction Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.05330/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

360^circ panoramas are extensively utilized as environmental light sources in computer graphics. However, capturing a 360^circ × 180^circ panorama poses challenges due to the necessity of specialized and costly equipment, and additional human resources. Prior studies develop various learning-based generative methods to synthesize panoramas from a single Narrow Field-of-View (NFoV) image, but they are limited in alterable input patterns, generation quality, and controllability. To address these issues, we propose a novel pipeline called PanoDiff, which efficiently generates complete 360^circ panoramas using one or more unregistered NFoV images captured from arbitrary angles. Our approach has two primary components to overcome the limitations. Firstly, a two-stage angle prediction module to handle various numbers of NFoV inputs. Secondly, a novel latent diffusion-based panorama generation model uses incomplete panorama and text prompts as control signals and utilizes several geometric augmentation schemes to ensure geometric properties in generated panoramas. Experiments show that PanoDiff achieves state-of-the-art panoramic generation quality and high controllability, making it suitable for applications such as content editing.