# HRGCN: Heterogeneous Graph-level Anomaly Detection with Hierarchical Relation-augmented Graph Neural Networks

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.14340 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.14340/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 22 of its 40 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 22 of 22)

- [Neural Message Passing for Quantum Chemistry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.01212/) (2017)
- [Graph Neural Networks: A Review of Methods and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08434/) (2018)
- [Graph Contrastive Learning with Augmentations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.13902/) (2020)
- [Gated Graph Sequence Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.05493/) (2015)
- [Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.07293/) (2019)
- [Graph Neural Networks for Social Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.07243/) (2019)
- [Heterogeneous Graph Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.01332/) (2020)
- [Graph Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.14945/) (2020)
- [MAGNN: Metapath Aggregated Graph Neural Network for Heterogeneous Graph Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.01680/) (2020)
- [Graph Contrastive Learning Automated](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.07594/) (2021)
- [Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.02500/) (2020)
- [Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding for Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.10730/) (2017)
- [Data Augmentation for Deep Graph Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.08235/) (2022)
- [A Survey on Heterogeneous Graph Embedding: Methods, Techniques, Applications and Sources](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.14867/) (2020)
- [Deep Graph-level Anomaly Detection by Glocal Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10063/) (2021)
- [Heterogeneous Hypergraph Embedding for Graph Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.10728/) (2020)
- [Graph Embedding on Biomedical Networks: Methods, Applications, and Evaluations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.05017/) (2019)
- [Truncated Affinity Maximization: One-class Homophily Modeling for Graph Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.00006/) (2023)
- [Toward Deep Supervised Anomaly Detection: Reinforcement Learning from Partially Labeled Anomaly Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.06847/) (2020)
- [Fast Memory-efficient Anomaly Detection in Streaming Heterogeneous Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.04844/) (2016)
- [A Survey on Anomaly Detection for Technical Systems using LSTM Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13810/) (2021)
- [Graph-level Anomaly Detection via Hierarchical Memory Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.00755/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Deep Graph Anomaly Detection: A Survey and New Perspectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.09957/) (2024)
- [A Survey of Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Cybersecurity Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.26307/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This work considers the problem of heterogeneous graph-level anomaly detection. Heterogeneous graphs are commonly used to represent behaviours between different types of entities in complex industrial systems for capturing as much information about the system operations as possible. Detecting anomalous heterogeneous graphs from a large set of system behaviour graphs is crucial for many real-world applications like online web/mobile service and cloud access control. To address the problem, we propose HRGCN, an unsupervised deep heterogeneous graph neural network, to model complex heterogeneous relations between different entities in the system for effectively identifying these anomalous behaviour graphs. HRGCN trains a hierarchical relation-augmented Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network (HetGNN), which learns better graph representations by modelling the interactions among all the system entities and considering both source-to-destination entity (node) types and their relation (edge) types. Extensive evaluation on two real-world application datasets shows that HRGCN outperforms state-of-the-art competing anomaly detection approaches. We further present a real-world industrial case study to justify the effectiveness of HRGCN in detecting anomalous (e.g., congested) network devices in a mobile communication service. HRGCN is available at https://github.com/jiaxililearn/HRGCN.