# High-risk Factor Prediction in Lung Cancer Using Thin CT Scans: An Attention-Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network Approach

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.14000 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.14000/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 12 of its 37 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Densely Connected Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.06993/) (2016)
- [CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06521/) (2018)
- [Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.05679/) (2018)
- [Med3D: Transfer Learning for 3D Medical Image Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.00625/) (2019)
- [Pose2Mesh: Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose and Mesh Recovery from a 2D Human Pose](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.09047/) (2020)
- [Representation Learning of Histopathology Images using Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.07399/) (2020)
- [An Interpretable Deep Hierarchical Semantic Convolutional Neural Network for Lung Nodule Malignancy Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.00712/) (2018)
- [CPR-GCN: Conditional Partial-Residual Graph Convolutional Network in Automated Anatomical Labeling of Coronary Arteries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.08560/) (2020)
- [Integration of Convolutional Neural Networks for Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Assessment in a Lung Cancer Classification Pipeline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.08679/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Optimizing Lung Cancer Detection in CT Imaging: A Wavelet Multi-Layer Perceptron (WMLP) Approach Enhanced by Dragonfly Algorithm (DA)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.15355/) (2024)
- [Physical Rule-Guided Convolutional Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.02081/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Lung cancer, particularly in its advanced stages, remains a leading cause of death globally. Though early detection via low-dose computed tomography (CT) is promising, the identification of high-risk factors crucial for surgical mode selection remains a challenge. Addressing this, our study introduces an Attention-Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network (AE-GCN) model to classify whether there are high-risk factors in stage I lung cancer based on the preoperative CT images. This will aid surgeons in determining the optimal surgical method before the operation. Unlike previous studies that relied on 3D patch techniques to represent nodule spatial features, our method employs a GCN model to capture the spatial characteristics of pulmonary nodules. Specifically, we regard each slice of the nodule as a graph vertex, and the inherent spatial relationships between slices form the edges. Then, to enhance the expression of nodule features, we integrated both channel and spatial attention mechanisms with a pre-trained VGG model for adaptive feature extraction from pulmonary nodules. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using real-world data collected from the hospitals, thereby emphasizing its potential utility in the clinical practice.