# FFPN: Fourier Feature Pyramid Network for Ultrasound Image Segmentation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.13790 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.13790/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 18 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Mask R-CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06870/) (2017)
- [Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.03144/) (2016)
- [Rethinking Atrous Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.05587/) (2017)
- [TransUNet: Transformers Make Strong Encoders for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.04306/) (2021)
- [Swin-Unet: Unet-like Pure Transformer for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05537/) (2021)
- [Deep Learning for Segmentation using an Open Large-Scale Dataset in 2D Echocardiography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.06948/) (2019)
- [PolarMask: Single Shot Instance Segmentation with Polar Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.13226/) (2019)
- [Fourier Contour Embedding for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10442/) (2021)
- [Point-Set Anchors for Object Detection, Instance Segmentation and Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.02846/) (2020)
- [Sketch guided and progressive growing GAN for realistic and editable ultrasound image synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06929/) (2022)
- [Echocardiography Segmentation with Enforced Temporal Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.02102/) (2021)
- [Fetal Ultrasound Image Segmentation for Measuring Biometric Parameters Using Multi-Task Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.00273/) (2019)
- [Contour Proposal Networks for Biomedical Instance Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03393/) (2021)
- [Explore Faster Localization Learning For Scene Text Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.01342/) (2022)
- [Recurrent Generic Contour-based Instance Segmentation with Progressive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.08898/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Biomedical Image Segmentation: A Systematic Literature Review of Deep Learning Based Object Detection Methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.03393/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Ultrasound (US) image segmentation is an active research area that requires real-time and highly accurate analysis in many scenarios. The detect-to-segment (DTS) frameworks have been recently proposed to balance accuracy and efficiency. However, existing approaches may suffer from inadequate contour encoding or fail to effectively leverage the encoded results. In this paper, we introduce a novel Fourier-anchor-based DTS framework called Fourier Feature Pyramid Network (FFPN) to address the aforementioned issues. The contributions of this paper are two fold. First, the FFPN utilizes Fourier Descriptors to adequately encode contours. Specifically, it maps Fourier series with similar amplitudes and frequencies into the same layer of the feature map, thereby effectively utilizing the encoded Fourier information. Second, we propose a Contour Sampling Refinement (CSR) module based on the contour proposals and refined features produced by the FFPN. This module extracts rich features around the predicted contours to further capture detailed information and refine the contours. Extensive experimental results on three large and challenging datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms other DTS methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, our framework can generalize well to other detection or segmentation tasks.