# FFEINR: Flow Feature-Enhanced Implicit Neural Representation for Spatio-temporal Super-Resolution

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.12508 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.12508/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 20 of its 49 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 20 of 20)

- [Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.09661/) (2020)
- [Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13415/) (2021)
- [pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.02190/) (2020)
- [ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.00219/) (2018)
- [MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15595/) (2021)
- [When and why PINNs fail to train: A neural tangent kernel perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.14527/) (2020)
- [Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for fluid mechanics: A review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.09506/) (2021)
- [PDEBENCH: An Extensive Benchmark for Scientific Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.07182/) (2022)
- [NeRV: Neural Representations for Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.13903/) (2021)
- [VideoINR: Learning Video Implicit Neural Representation for Continuous Space-Time Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.04647/) (2022)
- [HNeRV: A Hybrid Neural Representation for Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02633/) (2023)
- [Zooming Slow-Mo: Fast and Accurate One-Stage Space-Time Video Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.11616/) (2020)
- [E-NeRV: Expedite Neural Video Representation with Disentangled Spatial-Temporal Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.08132/) (2022)
- [Compressive Neural Representations of Volumetric Scalar Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.04523/) (2021)
- [Video Super Resolution Based on Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.12928/) (2020)
- [Temporal Modulation Network for Controllable Space-Time Video Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10642/) (2021)
- [Physics Informed Neural Fields for Smoke Reconstruction with Sparse Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.06577/) (2022)
- [DL4SciVis: A State-of-the-Art Survey on Deep Learning for Scientific Visualization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06504/) (2022)
- [SNeRF: Stylized Neural Implicit Representations for 3D Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.02363/) (2022)
- [A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning-based Single Image Super-resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.09351/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [HyperFLINT: Hypernetwork-based Flow Estimation and Temporal Interpolation for Scientific Ensemble Visualization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04095/) (2024)
- [FLINT: Learning-based Flow Estimation and Temporal Interpolation for Scientific Ensemble Visualization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.19178/) (2024)
- [MC-INR: Efficient Encoding of Multivariate Scientific Simulation Data using Meta-Learning and Clustered Implicit Neural Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.02494/) (2025)
- [CD-TVD: Contrastive Diffusion for 3D Super-Resolution with Scarce High-Resolution Time-Varying Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.08173/) (2025)
- [Topology Aware Neural Interpolation of Scalar Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.17995/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Large-scale numerical simulations are capable of generating data up to terabytes or even petabytes. As a promising method of data reduction, super-resolution (SR) has been widely studied in the scientific visualization community. However, most of them are based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or generative adversarial networks (GANs) and the scale factor needs to be determined before constructing the network. As a result, a single training session only supports a fixed factor and has poor generalization ability. To address these problems, this paper proposes a Feature-Enhanced Implicit Neural Representation (FFEINR) for spatio-temporal super-resolution of flow field data. It can take full advantage of the implicit neural representation in terms of model structure and sampling resolution. The neural representation is based on a fully connected network with periodic activation functions, which enables us to obtain lightweight models. The learned continuous representation can decode the low-resolution flow field input data to arbitrary spatial and temporal resolutions, allowing for flexible upsampling. The training process of FFEINR is facilitated by introducing feature enhancements for the input layer, which complements the contextual information of the flow field. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a series of experiments are conducted on different datasets by setting different hyperparameters. The results show that FFEINR achieves significantly better results than the trilinear interpolation method.