# PoseGraphNet++: Enriching 3D Human Pose with Orientation Estimation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11440 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.11440/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 33 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 33)

- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.01507/) (2017)
- [Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Clouds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.07829/) (2018)
- [Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.05866/) (2019)
- [Graph Neural Networks: A Review of Methods and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08434/) (2018)
- [Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.09212/) (2019)
- [On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.07035/) (2018)
- [End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Pose](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.06584/) (2017)
- [PoseCNN: A Convolutional Neural Network for 6D Object Pose Estimation in Cluttered Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.00199/) (2017)
- [Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.08128/) (2016)
- [Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-fitting in the Loop](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.12828/) (2019)
- [Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.09813/) (2016)
- [3D human pose estimation in video with temporal convolutions and semi-supervised training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.11742/) (2018)
- [A simple yet effective baseline for 3d human pose estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.03098/) (2017)
- [Cascaded Pyramid Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.07319/) (2017)
- [HybrIK: A Hybrid Analytical-Neural Inverse Kinematics Solution for 3D Human Pose and Shape Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.14672/) (2020)
- [Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.03244/) (2019)
- [PyMAF: 3D Human Pose and Shape Regression with Pyramidal Mesh Alignment Feedback Loop](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.16507/) (2021)
- [Coarse-to-Fine Volumetric Prediction for Single-Image 3D Human Pose](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.07828/) (2016)
- [Semantic Graph Convolutional Networks for 3D Human Pose Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.03345/) (2019)
- [Towards 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild: a Weakly-supervised Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.02447/) (2017)
- [HOPE-Net: A Graph-based Model for Hand-Object Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.00060/) (2020)
- [Ordinal Depth Supervision for 3D Human Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.04095/) (2018)
- [Graph Stacked Hourglass Networks for 3D Human Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.16385/) (2021)
- [3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild by Adversarial Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.09722/) (2018)
- [Lifting from the Deep: Convolutional 3D Pose Estimation from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.00295/) (2017)
- [HEMlets Pose: Learning Part-Centric Heatmap Triplets for Accurate 3D Human Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.12032/) (2019)
- [Structured Prediction of 3D Human Pose with Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.05180/) (2016)
- [Co-embedding of Nodes and Edges with Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.13242/) (2020)
- [OriNet: A Fully Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.04989/) (2018)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Existing skeleton-based 3D human pose estimation methods only predict joint positions. Although the yaw and pitch of bone rotations can be derived from joint positions, the roll around the bone axis remains unresolved. We present PoseGraphNet++ (PGN++), a novel 2D-to-3D lifting Graph Convolution Network that predicts the complete human pose in 3D including joint positions and bone orientations. We employ both node and edge convolutions to utilize the joint and bone features. Our model is evaluated on multiple datasets using both position and rotation metrics. PGN++ performs on par with the state-of-the-art (SoA) on the Human3.6M benchmark. In generalization experiments, it achieves the best results in position and matches the SoA in orientation, showcasing a more balanced performance than the current SoA. PGN++ exploits the mutual relationship of joints and bones resulting in significantly SBimproved position predictions, as shown by our ablation results.