# KMF: Knowledge-Aware Multi-Faceted Representation Learning for Zero-Shot Node Classification

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.08563 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08563/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 24 of its 61 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 24 of 24)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.02531/) (2015)
- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.02216/) (2017)
- [ConceptNet 5.5: An Open Multilingual Graph of General Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.03975/) (2016)
- [Geometric deep learning: going beyond Euclidean data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.08097/) (2016)
- [Simple and Deep Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.02133/) (2020)
- [Cluster-GCN: An Efficient Algorithm for Training Deep and Large Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.07953/) (2019)
- [A Survey on Large Language Models for Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.19860/) (2023)
- [Deep Gaussian Embedding of Graphs: Unsupervised Inductive Learning via Ranking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.03815/) (2017)
- [Benchmarking Zero-shot Text Classification: Datasets, Evaluation and Entailment Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.00161/) (2019)
- [Deep Convolutional Networks on Graph-Structured Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.05163/) (2015)
- [Zero-shot Recognition via Semantic Embeddings and Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.08035/) (2018)
- [Zero-Shot Learning by Convex Combination of Semantic Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1312.5650/) (2013)
- [OntoZSL: Ontology-enhanced Zero-shot Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.07339/) (2021)
- [Transductive Zero-Shot Learning with Visual Structure Constraint](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.01570/) (2019)
- [MCNE: An End-to-End Framework for Learning Multiple Conditional Network Representations of Social Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11013/) (2019)
- [Untargeted Attack against Federated Recommendation Systems via Poisonous Item Embeddings and the Defense](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.05399/) (2022)
- [Zero-shot Node Classification with Decomposed Graph Prototype Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.08022/) (2021)
- [Learning the Compositional Visual Coherence for Complementary Recommendations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04380/) (2020)
- [Learning the Implicit Semantic Representation on Graph-Structured Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.06471/) (2021)
- [GUESR: A Global Unsupervised Data-Enhancement with Bucket-Cluster Sampling for Sequential Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.00243/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, Zero-Shot Node Classification (ZNC) has been an emerging and crucial task in graph data analysis. This task aims to predict nodes from unseen classes which are unobserved in the training process. Existing work mainly utilizes Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to associate features' prototypes and labels' semantics thus enabling knowledge transfer from seen to unseen classes. However, the multi-faceted semantic orientation in the feature-semantic alignment has been neglected by previous work, i.e. the content of a node usually covers diverse topics that are relevant to the semantics of multiple labels. It's necessary to separate and judge the semantic factors that tremendously affect the cognitive ability to improve the generality of models. To this end, we propose a Knowledge-Aware Multi-Faceted framework (KMF) that enhances the richness of label semantics via the extracted KG (Knowledge Graph)-based topics. And then the content of each node is reconstructed to a topic-level representation that offers multi-faceted and fine-grained semantic relevancy to different labels. Due to the particularity of the graph's instance (i.e., node) representation, a novel geometric constraint is developed to alleviate the problem of prototype drift caused by node information aggregation. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on several public graph datasets and design an application of zero-shot cross-domain recommendation. The quantitative results demonstrate both the effectiveness and generalization of KMF with the comparison of state-of-the-art baselines.