# A Conceptual Architecture for a Quantum-HPC Middleware

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.06608 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06608/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Aug 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Quantum-Train-Based Distributed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.08845/) (2024)
- [Multi-GPU-Enabled Hybrid Quantum-Classical Workflow in Quantum-HPC Middleware: Applications in Quantum Simulations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05828/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Quantum computing promises potential for science and industry by solving certain computationally complex problems faster than classical computers. Quantum computing systems evolved from monolithic systems towards modular architectures comprising multiple quantum processing units (QPUs) coupled to classical computing nodes (HPC). With the increasing scale, middleware systems that facilitate the efficient coupling of quantum-classical computing are becoming critical. Through an in-depth analysis of quantum applications, integration patterns and systems, we identified a gap in understanding Quantum-HPC middleware systems. We present a conceptual middleware to facilitate reasoning about quantum-classical integration and serve as the basis for a future middleware system. An essential contribution of this paper lies in leveraging well-established high-performance computing abstractions for managing workloads, tasks, and resources to integrate quantum computing into HPC systems seamlessly.