# The Compatibility between the Pangu Weather Forecasting Model and Meteorological Operational Data

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.04460 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04460/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 18 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.11214/) (2022)
- [FuXi: A cascade machine learning forecasting system for 15-day global weather forecast](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.12873/) (2023)
- [Forecasting Global Weather with Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.07575/) (2022)
- [Pangu-Weather: A 3D High-Resolution Model for Fast and Accurate Global Weather Forecast](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.02556/) (2022)
- [Improving data-driven global weather prediction using deep convolutional neural networks on a cubed sphere](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.11927/) (2020)
- [SwinVRNN: A Data-Driven Ensemble Forecasting Model via Learned Distribution Perturbation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.13158/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [YanTian: An Application Platform for AI Global Weather Forecasting Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.04539/) (2024)
- [AI Models Still Lag Behind Traditional Numerical Models in Predicting Sudden-Turning Typhoons](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.16036/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, multiple data-driven models based on machine learning for weather forecasting have emerged. These models are highly competitive in terms of accuracy compared to traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. In particular, the Pangu-Weather model, which is open source for non-commercial use, has been validated for its forecasting performance by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and has recently been published in the journal "Nature". In this paper, we evaluate the compatibility of the Pangu-Weather model with several commonly used NWP operational analyses through case studies. The results indicate that the Pangu-Weather model is compatible with different operational analyses from various NWP systems as the model initial conditions, and it exhibits a relatively stable forecasting capability. Furthermore, we have verified that improving the quality of global or local initial conditions significantly contributes to enhancing the forecasting performance of the Pangu-Weather model.