# SemOpenAlex: The Scientific Landscape in 26 Billion RDF Triples

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03671 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03671/

## Key facts

- Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 17 of its 59 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 17 of 17)

- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.02216/) (2017)
- [Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6575/) (2014)
- [Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.06357/) (2016)
- [Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02320/) (2020)
- [Heterogeneous Graph Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.01332/) (2020)
- [OpenAlex: A fully-open index of scholarly works, authors, venues, institutions, and concepts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.01833/) (2022)
- [AceKG: A Large-scale Knowledge Graph for Academic Data Mining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.08484/) (2018)
- [unarXive 2022: All arXiv Publications Pre-Processed for NLP, Including Structured Full-Text and Citation Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.14957/) (2023)
- [MariusGNN: Resource-Efficient Out-of-Core Training of Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02365/) (2022)
- [OpenCitations, an infrastructure organization for open scholarship](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.11964/) (2019)
- [Large-scale comparison of bibliographic data sources: Scopus, Web of Science, Dimensions, Crossref, and Microsoft Academic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.10732/) (2020)
- [Investigating Software Usage in the Social Sciences: A Knowledge Graph Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.10715/) (2020)
- [Open Research Knowledge Graph: Next Generation Infrastructure for Semantic Scholarly Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.10816/) (2019)
- [S2abEL: A Dataset for Entity Linking from Scientific Tables](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.00366/) (2023)
- [PRoST: Distributed Execution of SPARQL Queries Using Mixed Partitioning Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.05898/) (2018)
- [A Glimpse of the First Eight Months of the COVID-19 Literature on Microsoft Academic Graph: Themes, Citation Contexts, and Uncertainties](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.08374/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [Large Language Models for Scholarly Ontology Generation: An Extensive Analysis in the Engineering Field](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.08258/) (2024)
- [Pap2Pat: Benchmarking Outline-Guided Long-Text Patent Generation with Patent-Paper Pairs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07009/) (2024)
- [ComplexTempQA:A 100m Dataset for Complex Temporal Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.04866/) (2024)
- [Linked Papers With Code: The Latest in Machine Learning as an RDF Knowledge Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.20475/) (2023)
- [Contri(e)ve: Context + Retrieve for Scholarly Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.09010/) (2024)
- [Modelling and Classifying the Components of a Literature Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.04337/) (2025)
- [AutoRDF2GML: Facilitating RDF Integration in Graph Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.18735/) (2024)
- [Bridging RDF Knowledge Graphs with Graph Neural Networks for Semantically-Rich Recommender Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.08743/) (2025)
- [Do We Need Bigger Models for Science? Task-Aware Retrieval with Small Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.01965/) (2026)
- [Construction of a Battery Research Knowledge Graph using a Global Open Catalog](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.20241/) (2026)
- [Authoring and Management of Transparent Research Integrity Assessments of Randomised Clinical Trial Publications Using LLM-assisted Tools and Provenance Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.07202/) (2026)
- [Natural Language Knowledge Graph Query Execution: Leveraging Controlled Semantics in the LLM Context Window](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.14652/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present SemOpenAlex, an extensive RDF knowledge graph that contains over 26 billion triples about scientific publications and their associated entities, such as authors, institutions, journals, and concepts. SemOpenAlex is licensed under CC0, providing free and open access to the data. We offer the data through multiple channels, including RDF dump files, a SPARQL endpoint, and as a data source in the Linked Open Data cloud, complete with resolvable URIs and links to other data sources. Moreover, we provide embeddings for knowledge graph entities using high-performance computing. SemOpenAlex enables a broad range of use-case scenarios, such as exploratory semantic search via our website, large-scale scientific impact quantification, and other forms of scholarly big data analytics within and across scientific disciplines. Additionally, it enables academic recommender systems, such as recommending collaborators, publications, and venues, including explainability capabilities. Finally, SemOpenAlex can serve for RDF query optimization benchmarks, creating scholarly knowledge-guided language models, and as a hub for semantic scientific publishing.