# LLMediator: GPT-4 Assisted Online Dispute Resolution

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.16732 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.16732/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 45 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13971/) (2023)
- [Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.12712/) (2023)
- [Can GPT-3 Perform Statutory Reasoning?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.06100/) (2023)
- [GPT Takes the Bar Exam](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.14402/) (2022)
- [Legal Prompting: Teaching a Language Model to Think Like a Lawyer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.01326/) (2022)
- [Explaining Legal Concepts with Augmented Large Language Models (GPT-4)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09525/) (2023)
- [Blind Judgement: Agent-Based Supreme Court Modelling With GPT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.05327/) (2023)
- [Unlocking Practical Applications in Legal Domain: Evaluation of GPT for Zero-Shot Semantic Annotation of Legal Texts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.04417/) (2023)
- [How well do SOTA legal reasoning models support abductive reasoning?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06912/) (2023)
- [Computer-Assisted Creation of Boolean Search Rules for Text Classification in the Legal Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.05807/) (2021)
- [Sentence Embeddings and High-speed Similarity Search for Fast Computer Assisted Annotation of Legal Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.11494/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [From Text to Structure: Using Large Language Models to Support the Development of Legal Expert Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.04911/) (2023)
- [Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07053/) (2024)
- [Exploring the Nexus of Large Language Models and Legal Systems: A Short Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.00990/) (2024)
- [Interaction Protocol Shapes Moral Judgment in Multi-Agent Debate](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.10002/) (2025)
- [LegalWebAgent: Empowering Access to Justice via LLM-Based Web Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.04105/) (2025)
- [From Divergence to Consensus: Evaluating the Role of Large Language Models in Facilitating Agreement through Adaptive Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.15521/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this article, we introduce LLMediator, an experimental platform designed to enhance online dispute resolution (ODR) by utilizing capabilities of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. In the context of high-volume, low-intensity legal disputes, alternative dispute resolution methods such as negotiation and mediation offer accessible and cooperative solutions for laypeople. These approaches can be carried out online on ODR platforms. LLMediator aims to improve the efficacy of such processes by leveraging GPT-4 to reformulate user messages, draft mediator responses, and potentially autonomously engage in the discussions. We present and discuss several features of LLMediator and conduct initial qualitative evaluations, demonstrating the potential for LLMs to support ODR and facilitate amicable settlements. The initial proof of concept is promising and opens up avenues for further research in AI-assisted negotiation and mediation.