# Fake News Detection Through Graph-based Neural Networks: A Survey

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12639 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.12639/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 39 of its 89 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 24 Jul 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 39)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.05709/) (2020)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.02216/) (2017)
- [YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.02767/) (2018)
- [Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06103/) (2017)
- [Temporal Graph Networks for Deep Learning on Dynamic Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.10637/) (2020)
- [Inductive Representation Learning on Temporal Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.07962/) (2020)
- [Graph Convolutional Networks for Text Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.05679/) (2018)
- [Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Data Mining Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.01967/) (2017)
- [FakeNewsNet: A Data Repository with News Content, Social Context and Spatialtemporal Information for Studying Fake News on Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.01286/) (2018)
- [Rumor Detection on Social Media with Bi-Directional Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.06362/) (2020)
- [Fake News Detection on Social Media using Geometric Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.06673/) (2019)
- [GCAN: Graph-aware Co-Attention Networks for Explainable Fake News Detection on Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.11648/) (2020)
- [Fine-grained Fact Verification with Kernel Graph Attention Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.09796/) (2019)
- [FANG: Leveraging Social Context for Fake News Detection Using Graph Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.07939/) (2020)
- [Beyond News Contents: The Role of Social Context for Fake News Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.07709/) (2017)
- [User Preference-aware Fake News Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.12259/) (2021)
- [Interpretable Rumor Detection in Microblogs by Attending to User Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.10667/) (2020)
- [Towards Propagation Uncertainty: Edge-enhanced Bayesian Graph Convolutional Networks for Rumor Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.11934/) (2021)
- [Zoom Out and Observe: News Environment Perception for Fake News Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10885/) (2022)
- [Network-based Fake News Detection: A Pattern-driven Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.04210/) (2019)
- [Towards Fine-Grained Reasoning for Fake News Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.15064/) (2021)
- [Jointly embedding the local and global relations of heterogeneous graph for rumor detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.04465/) (2019)
- [Evidence-aware Fake News Detection with Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.06885/) (2022)
- [Learning Reporting Dynamics during Breaking News for Rumour Detection in Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.07363/) (2016)
- [Early Detection of Fake News by Utilizing the Credibility of News, Publishers, and Users Based on Weakly Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.04233/) (2020)
- [Graph-based Modeling of Online Communities for Fake News Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.06274/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Implicit Hypergraph Neural Networks: A Stable Framework for Higher-Order Relational Learning with Provable Guarantees](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.09427/) (2025)
- [Less is More: Unseen Domain Fake News Detection via Causal Propagation Substructures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.09389/) (2024)
- [Adaptive Graph Convolution and Semantic-Guided Attention for Multimodal Risk Detection in Social Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.16936/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The popularity of online social networks has enabled rapid dissemination of information. People now can share and consume information much more rapidly than ever before. However, low-quality and/or accidentally/deliberately fake information can also spread rapidly. This can lead to considerable and negative impacts on society. Identifying, labelling and debunking online misinformation as early as possible has become an increasingly urgent problem. Many methods have been proposed to detect fake news including many deep learning and graph-based approaches. In recent years, graph-based methods have yielded strong results, as they can closely model the social context and propagation process of online news. In this paper, we present a systematic review of fake news detection studies based on graph-based and deep learning-based techniques. We classify existing graph-based methods into knowledge-driven methods, propagation-based methods, and heterogeneous social context-based methods, depending on how a graph structure is constructed to model news related information flows. We further discuss the challenges and open problems in graph-based fake news detection and identify future research directions.