# Tests4Py: A Benchmark for System Testing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.05147 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.05147/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [LLM-Based Agentic Systems for Software Engineering: Challenges and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.09822/) (2026)
- [Efficient and Universal Watermarking for LLM-Generated Code Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.07518/) (2024)
- [DiffuTester: Accelerating Unit Test Generation for Diffusion LLMs via Mining Structural Pattern](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.24975/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Benchmarks are among the main drivers of progress in software engineering research. However, many current benchmarks are limited by inadequate system oracles and sparse unit tests. Our Tests4Py benchmark, derived from the BugsInPy benchmark, addresses these limitations. It includes 73 bugs from seven real-world Python applications and six bugs from example programs. Each subject in Tests4Py is equipped with an oracle for verifying functional correctness and supports both system and unit test generation. This allows for comprehensive qualitative studies and extensive evaluations, making Tests4Py a cutting-edge benchmark for research in test generation, debugging, and automatic program repair.