# Mining for Unknown Unknowns

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.05071 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.05071/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 48 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Identifying Unknown Unknowns in the Open World: Representations and Policies for Guided Exploration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.09064/) (2016)
- [Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis and Its Applications in Information Retrieval and Related Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.02819/) (2017)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Unknown unknowns are future relevant contingencies that lack an ex ante description. While there are numerous retrospective accounts showing that significant gains or losses might have been achieved or avoided had such contingencies been previously uncovered, getting hold of unknown unknowns still remains elusive, both in practice and conceptually. Using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) - a subfield of lattice theory which is increasingly applied for mining and organizing data - this paper introduces a simple framework to systematically think out of the box and direct the search for unknown unknowns.