# Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.04427 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.04427/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 40 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Jul 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Combining Maximum-Likelihood with Deep Learning for Event Reconstruction in IceCube](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.12110/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [MiniFool -- Physics-Constraint-Aware Minimizer-Based Adversarial Attacks in Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.01352/) (2025)
- [Neural posterior estimation of the neutrino direction in IceCube using transformer-encoded normalizing flows on the sphere](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.19846/) (2026)
- [Enhancing Events in Neutrino Telescopes through Deep Learning-Driven Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.08474/) (2024)
- [NuBench: An Open Benchmark for Deep Learning-Based Event Reconstruction in Neutrino Telescopes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.13111/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, has been a mystery for over a century. Due to deflection in interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays from the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, near their sources and during propagation, cosmic rays interact with matter and produce high-energy neutrinos. We search for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to ten years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. We identify neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5σ level of significance, by comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis. The signal is consistent with modeled diffuse emission from the Galactic plane, but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources.