# Mainline Automatic Train Horn and Brake Performance Metric

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02586 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.02586/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 0 of its 35 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Jul 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Safety Analysis of Autonomous Railway Systems: An Introduction to the SACRED Methodology](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12114/) (2024)
- [Measuring Train Driver Performance as Key to Approval of Driverless Trains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.19735/) (2025)
- [Insights from Railway Professionals: Rethinking Railway assumptions regarding safety and autonomy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.17756/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper argues for the introduction of a mainline rail-oriented performance metric for driver-replacing on-board perception systems. Perception at the head of a train is divided into several subfunctions. This article presents a preliminary submetric for the obstacle detection subfunction. To the best of the author's knowledge, no other such proposal for obstacle detection exists. A set of submetrics for the subfunctions should facilitate the comparison of perception systems among each other and guide the measurement of human driver performance. It should also be useful for a standardized prediction of the number of accidents for a given perception system in a given operational design domain. In particular, for the proposal of the obstacle detection submetric, the professional readership is invited to provide their feedback and quantitative information to the author. The analysis results of the feedback will be published separately later.