# Neuro-Symbolic Bi-Directional Translation -- Deep Learning Explainability for Climate Tipping Point Research

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11161 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.11161/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.06890/) (2016)
- [On the Properties of Neural Machine Translation: Encoder-Decoder Approaches](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1259/) (2014)
- [FourCastNet: A Global Data-driven High-resolution Weather Model using Adaptive Fourier Neural Operators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.11214/) (2022)
- [CLEVRER: CoLlision Events for Video REpresentation and Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.01442/) (2019)
- [The Neuro-Symbolic Concept Learner: Interpreting Scenes, Words, and Sentences From Natural Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.12584/) (2019)
- [Neurosymbolic AI: The 3rd Wave](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.05876/) (2020)
- [Deep learning to represent sub-grid processes in climate models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.04731/) (2018)
- [An Analysis of Deep Neural Network Models for Practical Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.07678/) (2016)
- [Deep learning for improved global precipitation in numerical weather prediction systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.12045/) (2021)
- [A Generative Adversarial Network for Climate Tipping Point Discovery (TIP-GAN)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.10274/) (2023)
- [Using Artificial Intelligence to aid Scientific Discovery of Climate Tipping Points](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.06852/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Neuro-Symbolic AI: Explainability, Challenges, and Future Trends](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04383/) (2024)
- [Bridging the Gap: Representation Spaces in Neuro-Symbolic AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.04393/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, there has been an increase in using deep learning for climate and weather modeling. Though results have been impressive, explainability and interpretability of deep learning models are still a challenge. A third wave of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which includes logic and reasoning, has been described as a way to address these issues. Neuro-symbolic AI is a key component of this integration of logic and reasoning with deep learning. In this work we propose a neuro-symbolic approach called Neuro-Symbolic Question-Answer Program Translator, or NS-QAPT, to address explainability and interpretability for deep learning climate simulation, applied to climate tipping point discovery. The NS-QAPT method includes a bidirectional encoder-decoder architecture that translates between domain-specific questions and executable programs used to direct the climate simulation, acting as a bridge between climate scientists and deep learning models. We show early compelling results of this translation method and introduce a domain-specific language and associated executable programs for a commonly known tipping point, the collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).