# CMLM-CSE: Based on Conditional MLM Contrastive Learning for Sentence Embeddings

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.09594 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09594/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 26 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2023.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.05709/) (2020)
- [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.10084/) (2019)
- [SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08821/) (2021)
- [Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discrimination](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.01978/) (2018)
- [SemEval-2017 Task 1: Semantic Textual Similarity - Multilingual and Cross-lingual Focused Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.00055/) (2017)
- [Supervised Learning of Universal Sentence Representations from Natural Language Inference Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.02364/) (2017)
- [DeCLUTR: Deep Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Textual Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.03659/) (2020)
- [ConSERT: A Contrastive Framework for Self-Supervised Sentence Representation Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.11741/) (2021)
- [Whitening Sentence Representations for Better Semantics and Faster Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15316/) (2021)
- [DiffCSE: Difference-based Contrastive Learning for Sentence Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.10298/) (2022)
- [Self-Guided Contrastive Learning for BERT Sentence Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.07345/) (2021)
- [An Unsupervised Sentence Embedding Method by Mutual Information Maximization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.12061/) (2020)
- [ESimCSE: Enhanced Sample Building Method for Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Sentence Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.04380/) (2021)
- [On Sampling Strategies for Neural Network-based Collaborative Filtering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.07881/) (2017)
- [Equivariant Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.00899/) (2021)
- [Universal Sentence Representation Learning with Conditional Masked Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.14388/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Traditional comparative learning sentence embedding directly uses the encoder to extract sentence features, and then passes in the comparative loss function for learning. However, this method pays too much attention to the sentence body and ignores the influence of some words in the sentence on the sentence semantics. To this end, we propose CMLM-CSE, an unsupervised contrastive learning framework based on conditional MLM. On the basis of traditional contrastive learning, an additional auxiliary network is added to integrate sentence embedding to perform MLM tasks, forcing sentence embedding to learn more masked word information. Finally, when Bertbase was used as the pretraining language model, we exceeded SimCSE by 0.55 percentage points on average in textual similarity tasks, and when Robertabase was used as the pretraining language model, we exceeded SimCSE by 0.3 percentage points on average in textual similarity tasks.