# CAMEO: A Causal Transfer Learning Approach for Performance Optimization of Configurable Computer Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.07888 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.07888/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [CURE: Simulation-Augmented Auto-Tuning in Robotics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.05399/) (2024)
- [Multi-Objective Multi-Fidelity Bayesian Optimization with Causal Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.00788/) (2026)
- [When to Use Which? Benchmarking Optimisers for Configurable Systems under Varying Budgets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.16476/) (2026)
- [Hardness, Structural Knowledge, and Opportunity: An Analytical Framework for Modular Performance Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.11000/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Modern computer systems are highly configurable, with hundreds of configuration options that interact, resulting in an enormous configuration space. As a result, optimizing performance goals (e.g., latency) in such systems is challenging due to frequent uncertainties in their environments (e.g., workload fluctuations). Recently, transfer learning has been applied to address this problem by reusing knowledge from configuration measurements from the source environments, where it is cheaper to intervene than the target environment, where any intervention is costly or impossible. Recent empirical research showed that statistical models can perform poorly when the deployment environment changes because the behavior of certain variables in the models can change dramatically from source to target. To address this issue, we propose CAMEO, a method that identifies invariant causal predictors under environmental changes, allowing the optimization process to operate in a reduced search space, leading to faster optimization of system performance. We demonstrate significant performance improvements over state-of-the-art optimization methods in MLperf deep learning systems, a video analytics pipeline, and a database system.