# Movable Antennas for Wireless Communication: Opportunities and Challenges

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.02331 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02331/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2023.

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Energy-Efficient Over-the-Air Federated Learning via Pinching Antenna Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.14250/) (2026)
- [Movable Antenna-Equipped UAV for Data Collection in Backscatter Sensor Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.13970/) (2024)
- [Deep Learning Optimization of Two-State Pinching Antennas Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.06222/) (2025)
- [Joint Channel Estimation and Computation Offloading in Fluid Antenna-assisted MEC Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.19340/) (2025)
- [A General Deep Learning Framework for Wireless Resource Allocation under Discrete Constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.19322/) (2026)
- [Spectral- and Energy-efficient Multi-BS Multi-RIS Pinching-antenna Systems: A GNN-based Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.01307/) (2026)
- [WARA: Toward Automated Wireless Optimization Research with Closed-Loop LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.14573/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Movable antenna (MA) technology is a recent development that fully exploits the wireless channel spatial variation in a confined region by enabling local movement of the antenna. Specifically, the positions of antennas at the transmitter and/or receiver can be dynamically changed to obtain better channel conditions for improving the communication performance. In this article, we first provide an overview of the promising applications for MA-aided wireless communication. Then, we present the hardware architecture and channel characterization for MA systems, based on which the variation of the channel gain with respect to the MA's position is illustrated. Furthermore, we analyze the performance advantages of MAs over conventional fixed-position antennas, in terms of signal power improvement, interference mitigation, flexible beamforming, and spatial multiplexing. Finally, we discuss the main design challenges and their potential solutions for MA-aided communication systems.